Paudyal Priyamvada, Semple Sean, Niven Robert, Tavernier Gael, Ayres Jonathan G
Scottish Centre for Indoor Air, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2011 May;55(4):403-9. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/meq084. Epub 2010 Dec 20.
Inhalation of cotton-based particulate has been associated with respiratory symptoms and overt lung disease related to endotoxin exposure in some studies. This cross-sectional study measures personal exposure to inhalable dust and endotoxin in the textile industry of Nepal.
This study was conducted in four sectors (garment making, carpet making, weaving, and recycling) of the textile industry in Kathmandu, Nepal. Personal exposure to inhalable dust and airborne endotoxin was measured during a full-shift for 114 workers.
Personal exposure to cotton dust was generally low [geometric mean (GM) 0.81 mg m(-3)) compared to the UK workplace exposure limit (WEL) (2.5 mg m(-3)) but with nearly 18% (n = 20) of the workers sampled exceeding the limit. Exposures were lowest in the weaving and the garment sector (GM = 0.30 mg m(-3)), higher in the carpet sector (GM = 1.16 mg m(-3)), and highest in the recycling sector (GM = 3.36 mg m(-3)). Endotoxin exposures were high with the overall data (GM = 2160 EU m(-3)) being more than 20-fold higher than the Dutch health-based guidance value of 90 EU m(-3). The highest exposures were in the recycling sector (GM = 5110 EU m(-3)) and the weaving sector (GM = 2440 EU m(-3)) with lower levels in the garment sector (GM = 157 EU m(-3)). The highest endotoxin concentrations expressed as endotoxin units per milligram inhalable dust were found in the weaving sector (GM = 165 EU mg(-1)). There was a statistically significant correlation between inhalable dust concentrations and endotoxin concentrations (r = 0.37; P < 0.001) and this was particularly strong in the garment (r = 0.82; P = 0.004) and the carpet sector (r = 0.81; P < 0.001).
Inhalable dust exposures measured in the weaving, carpet, and garment sectors were all below the UK WEL for cotton dust. A significant proportion of the measurements from the cotton recycling sector were above the UK WEL suggesting that better hygiene control measures are required. Airborne endotoxin concentrations in all sectors were found to exceed the Dutch health-based guidance limit of 90 EU m(-3) and may be associated with respiratory health effects.
在一些研究中，吸入棉基颗粒物与呼吸道症状以及与内毒素暴露相关的明显肺部疾病有关。这项横断面研究测量了尼泊尔纺织业工人个人可吸入粉尘和内毒素的暴露情况。
本研究在尼泊尔加德满都纺织业的四个部门（制衣、制毯、织造和回收）开展。对114名工人进行了全工作日的个人可吸入粉尘和空气中内毒素暴露测量。
与英国工作场所暴露限值（WEL）（2.5毫克/立方米）相比，个人棉尘暴露总体较低[几何均值（GM）为0.81毫克/立方米]，但近18%（n = 20）的抽样工人超过了该限值。织造和制衣部门的暴露最低（GM = 0.30毫克/立方米），制毯部门较高（GM = 1.16毫克/立方米），回收部门最高（GM = 3.36毫克/立方米）。内毒素暴露水平较高，总体数据（GM = 2160 EU/立方米）比荷兰基于健康的指导值90 EU/立方米高出20多倍。最高暴露水平出现在回收部门（GM = 5110 EU/立方米）和织造部门（GM = 2440 EU/立方米），制衣部门较低（GM = 157 EU/立方米）。以每毫克可吸入粉尘的内毒素单位表示的最高内毒素浓度出现在织造部门（GM = 165 EU/毫克）。可吸入粉尘浓度与内毒素浓度之间存在统计学显著相关性（r = 0.37；P < 0.001），在制衣部门（r = 0.82；P = 0.004）和制毯部门（r = 0.81；P < 0.001）这种相关性尤为强烈。
在织造、制毯和制衣部门测量的可吸入粉尘暴露均低于英国棉尘的工作场所暴露限值。棉回收部门的很大一部分测量值高于英国工作场所暴露限值，这表明需要更好的卫生控制措施。所有部门的空气中内毒素浓度均超过了荷兰基于健康的指导限值90 EU/立方米，可能与呼吸道健康影响有关。
