Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Feb;43(2):335-43. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181eb9d4d.
Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in the general population; however, there is much to be learned about the vitamin D status of athletes.
the purposes of this study were to assess the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in collegiate athletes and to determine whether 25(OH)D concentrations are related to vitamin D intake, sun exposure, body composition, and risk for illness or athletic injury.
25(OH) vitamin D concentrations were measured in 41 athletes (18 men/23 women, 12 indoor/29 outdoor athletes) throughout the academic year. Dietary intake and lifestyle habits were assessed via questionnaire, bone density was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and injury and illness were documented as part of routine care.
the 25(OH)D concentrations changed across time (P = 0.001) and averaged 49.0 ± 16.6, 30.5 ± 9.4, and 41.9 ± 14.6 ng·mL (mean ± SD) in the fall, winter, and spring, respectively, and were higher in outdoor versus indoor athletes in the fall (P < 0.05). Using 40 ng·mL as the cutoff for optimal status, 75.6%, 15.2%, and 36.0% of athletes had optimal status in the fall, winter, and spring, respectively. 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with multivitamin intake in the winter (r = 0.39) and tanning bed use in the spring (r = 0.48); however, status was otherwise not related to intake, lifestyle factors, or body composition. 25(OH)D concentrations in the spring (r = -0.40, P = 0.048) was correlated with frequency of illness.
our results suggest that collegiate athletes can maintain sufficient status during the fall and spring but would benefit from supplementation during the winter to prevent seasonal decreases in 25(OH)D concentrations. Results further suggest that insufficient vitamin D status may increase risk for frequent illness. Future research is needed to identify whether vitamin D status influences injury risk during athletic training or competition.
维生素 D 缺乏症在普通人群中普遍存在；然而，对于运动员的维生素 D 状况还有很多需要了解的地方。
本研究的目的是评估大学生运动员中维生素 D 不足的发生率，并确定 25(OH)D 浓度是否与维生素 D 摄入、阳光暴露、身体成分以及患病或运动损伤的风险有关。
在整个学年中，对 41 名运动员（18 名男性/23 名女性，12 名室内运动员/29 名室外运动员）进行 25(OH) 维生素 D 浓度测量。通过问卷调查评估饮食摄入和生活方式习惯，通过双能 X 射线吸收法测量骨密度，并将伤病记录作为常规护理的一部分。
25(OH)D 浓度随时间变化（P=0.001），秋季、冬季和春季的平均值分别为 49.0±16.6、30.5±9.4 和 41.9±14.6ng·mL（均值±标准差），且秋季室外运动员的浓度高于室内运动员（P<0.05）。以 40ng·mL 为最佳状态的截断值，分别有 75.6%、15.2%和 36.0%的运动员在秋季、冬季和春季具有最佳状态。25(OH)D 浓度与冬季复合维生素摄入显著相关（r=0.39，P<0.05），与春季日光浴床使用显著相关（r=0.48，P<0.05）；然而，其他方面，状态与摄入、生活方式因素或身体成分无关。春季的 25(OH)D 浓度（r=-0.40，P=0.048）与疾病发作频率相关。
我们的结果表明，大学生运动员在秋季和春季可以保持足够的状态，但在冬季需要补充维生素 D，以防止 25(OH)D 浓度的季节性下降。结果进一步表明，维生素 D 状态不足可能会增加患病频率。需要进一步的研究来确定维生素 D 状态是否会影响运动训练或比赛期间的受伤风险。
