安全带使用与两名前排乘客座位的碰撞中严重至致命伤害风险。

ProBiomechanics LLC, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, USA.

Traffic Inj Prev. 2010 Jun;11(3):294-9. doi: 10.1080/15389581003788898.

PURPOSE

This study investigates the risk of severe-to-fatal injury (Maximum Abbreviated Injury Score, MAIS 4+F) in crashes with two front-seat occupants. It determines the relative risk of injury in the same crash by belt use and seating position.

METHODS

1993-2008 NASS-CDS was analyzed for crashes with occupants in both front-outboard seats. The effect of belt use was investigated for the driver and passenger. Light vehicles were included with model year 1990+. Injury severity was subdivided into MAIS 0-2 and 4+F in NASS-CDS to compare no-to-moderate injury with severe-to-fatal injury. Standard errors were calculated in SAS and the z-test was used to determine the significance of differences in risk. Relative risks were determined by seat belt use and seating position; odds ratios were determined for one or both occupants being severely injured.

RESULTS

In 76.7 percent of the MAIS 4+F crashes, either the driver (32.4%) or passenger (44.3%) was severely injured, rather than both occupants (23.3%). When both were belted, one occupant was severely injured in 86.5 percent of crashes. When both were unbelted, both occupants were severely injured in 68.9 percent of the crashes. Both occupants were belted in 74.7 percent of the cases and unbelted in 18.6 percent. In 6.7 percent of crashes, either the driver (4.4%) or passenger (2.3%) was unbelted when the other was belted. The highest risk occurred with an unbelted driver and belted passenger (4.98 +/- 0.73% vs. 1.97 +/- 0.38%, z = 3.65, p < .05). When both occupants were belted, the driver and passenger injury risk was similar (0.459 +/- 0.098% vs. 0.449 +/- 0.047%, z = 0.10, ns).

CONCLUSIONS

In crashes with two front occupants, typically one occupant was severely injured, not both. Overall, the odds ratio was 3.28 for one compared to two occupants being severely injured; and, risks vary by seat belt use and seating position. The highest relative risk for unbelted versus belted occupants was 9.22 when both occupants were severely injured in the same crash.

目的

本研究调查了两名前排乘客在碰撞中发生严重至致命伤害（最大简略损伤评分，MAIS4+F）的风险。它通过使用安全带和座位位置确定了同一事故中受伤的相对风险。

方法

分析了 1993 年至 2008 年 NASS-CDS 中两名前排外侧座位的乘客发生的碰撞。调查了驾驶员和乘客使用安全带的效果。包括车型年份为 1990 年+的轻型车辆。损伤严重程度在 NASS-CDS 中细分为 MAIS0-2 和 4+F，以比较无中度至严重损伤与严重至致命损伤。在 SAS 中计算标准误差，并使用 z 检验确定风险差异的显著性。通过使用安全带和座位位置确定相对风险；确定一个或两个乘客严重受伤的几率比。

结果

在 76.7%的 MAIS4+F 事故中，驾驶员（32.4%）或乘客（44.3%）中有一人严重受伤，而不是两名乘客（23.3%）。当两人都系安全带时，86.5%的事故中只有一名乘客受伤。当两人都未系安全带时，68.9%的事故中两人都严重受伤。两人都系安全带的情况占 74.7%，未系安全带的情况占 18.6%。在 6.7%的事故中，当另一名乘客系安全带时，驾驶员（4.4%）或乘客（2.3%）未系安全带。当未系安全带的驾驶员和系安全带的乘客时，风险最高（4.98 +/- 0.73%比 1.97 +/- 0.38%，z = 3.65，p <.05）。当两名乘客都系安全带时，驾驶员和乘客受伤的风险相似（0.459 +/- 0.098%比 0.449 +/- 0.047%，z = 0.10，ns）。