ProBiomechanics LLC, Bloomfield Hills, MI 48304-2952, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2010 Feb;11(1):69-78. doi: 10.1080/15389580903479178.
This study investigated the risk of severe-to-fatal injury (MAIS 4+F) to near- and far-seated front occupants in side impacts by belt use and crash severity (delta V).
1993-2007 NASS-CDS was analyzed for front-seat occupants in side impacts while they were either the near-side or far-side occupant by belt use. Light vehicles were included with model year 1994+. Injury severity was subdivided into MAIS 0-2, 3, and 4+F. The risk for MAIS 4+F injury was determined by dividing the number of MAIS 4+F by the number of exposed occupants with known injuries. Individual NASS-CDS cases were downloaded from the 1997-2007 electronic data to evaluate injury patterns causing high relative risks.
In 35+ mph side-impact delta Vs, the risk for MAIS 4+F injury was 75.4 +/- 41.0% for unbelted near-side and 48.1 +/- 14.6% for unbelted far-side occupants. The risk was 51.8 +/- 14.8% for belted near-side and 30.9 +/- 8.2% for far-side occupants. Seat belt use was 81.4% effective in preventing MAIS 4+F injury for near-side occupants and 93.5% for far-side occupants. The relative risk (RR) for unbelted compared to belted occupants was 35.9 for far-side occupants in 10-15 mph delta V crashes. The relative risk was 35.1 for near-side occupants in < 10 mph delta V side impacts. The high relative risks were associated with complex, high-speed multi-collision crashes often with occupant impacts on the windshield, steering wheel, or other frontal components and ejection.
Seat belt use was more effective in preventing severe injury (MAIS 4+F) to far-side occupants than near-side occupants in < 25 mph delta V impacts. High relative risk for unbelted occupants in low-speed side impacts was explained by the fact that the accidents were high-speed, multi-impact collisions. Severe injury was caused by ejection, impact with the side interior, or impact with the frontal components where airbags sometimes deployed.
本研究通过使用安全带和碰撞严重程度（DeltaV）调查近侧和远侧前座乘客在侧面碰撞中重伤至致命伤（MAIS4+F）的风险。
分析了 1993 年至 2007 年 NASS-CDS 中近侧或远侧座位的前座乘客在侧面碰撞时使用安全带的情况。包括 1994 年及以后的轻型车辆。将损伤严重程度细分为 MAIS0-2、3 和 4+F。通过将 MAIS4+F 损伤人数除以已知损伤的暴露人数来确定 MAIS4+F 损伤的风险。从 1997 年至 2007 年的电子数据中下载了个别 NASS-CDS 病例，以评估导致高相对风险的损伤模式。
在 35+mph 侧面碰撞 DeltaV 中，未系安全带的近侧和远侧乘客的 MAIS4+F 损伤风险分别为 75.4+/-41.0%和 48.1+/-14.6%。系安全带的近侧和远侧乘客的风险分别为 51.8+/-14.8%和 30.9+/-8.2%。安全带的使用对近侧乘客预防 MAIS4+F 损伤的有效性为 81.4%，对远侧乘客为 93.5%。与系安全带的乘客相比，未系安全带的乘客在 10-15mphDeltaV 碰撞中的相对风险为 35.9。在<10mphDeltaV 侧面碰撞中，近侧乘客的相对风险为 35.1。高相对风险与高速多碰撞事故相关，通常伴有乘客对挡风玻璃、方向盘或其他前向部件的撞击和弹射。
在<25mphDeltaV 碰撞中，安全带的使用对远侧乘客预防重伤（MAIS4+F）的效果优于近侧乘客。在低速侧面碰撞中，未系安全带的乘客相对风险较高，原因是事故为高速多撞击事故。严重损伤是由弹射、与侧面内饰碰撞或与正面部件碰撞引起的，而正面部件有时会部署安全气囊。
