School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2052 JFSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
J Fam Psychol. 2010 Jun;24(3):349-58. doi: 10.1037/a0019282.
This study explores the influence of workplace flexibility on work-life conflict for a global sample of workers from four groups of countries. Data are from the 2007 International Business Machines Global Work and Life Issues Survey administered in 75 countries (N = 24,436). We specifically examine flexibility in where (work-at-home) and when (perceived schedule flexibility) workers engage in work-related tasks. Multivariate results indicate that work-at-home and perceived schedule flexibility are generally related to less work-life conflict. Break point analyses of sub-groups reveal that employees with workplace flexibility are able to work longer hours (often equivalent to one or two 8-hr days more per week) before reporting work-life conflict. The benefit of work-at-home is increased when combined with schedule flexibility. These findings were generally consistent across all four groups of countries, supporting the case that workplace flexibility is beneficial both to individuals (in the form of reduced work-life conflict) and to businesses (in the form of capacity for longer work hours). However, work-at-home appears less beneficial in countries with collectivist cultures.
本研究探讨了工作场所灵活性对来自四个国家群体的全球工人样本的工作生活冲突的影响。数据来自于 2007 年在 75 个国家(N=24436)进行的国际商业机器公司全球工作和生活问题调查。我们特别考察了工人从事与工作相关任务的地点(在家工作)和时间(感知日程灵活性)方面的灵活性。多元分析结果表明,在家工作和感知日程灵活性通常与较少的工作生活冲突相关。对亚组的临界点分析表明,拥有工作场所灵活性的员工在报告工作生活冲突之前能够工作更长时间(通常相当于每周多工作一到两个 8 小时的工作日)。与日程灵活性相结合时,在家工作的好处会增加。这些发现与所有四个国家群体基本一致,支持工作场所灵活性对个人(以减少工作生活冲突的形式)和企业(以更长工作时间的能力的形式)都有益的观点。然而,在家工作在具有集体主义文化的国家的好处似乎较少。