Hashiguchi Y, Gómez Landires E A
Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku City, Japan.
Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 1991;25(1):64-76.
This article briefly reviews current knowledge about leishmaniasis in Ecuador--proceeding from 1920, when the first human case was described, to the present. Regarding basic conditions, it appears that 14 of Ecuador's 20 provinces have endemic leishmaniasis. Nationally, over 4,000 cases were registered in the 1983-1986 period. Of 260 cases cited in the literature from 1920 through 1987, 240 (92.3%) were said to involve cutaneous forms of the disease and 18 (6.9%) mucocutaneous ones. Only one case each of visceral and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis was reported in 1920-1987, and neither of these has been confirmed. Various Leishmania strains isolated by the authors from wild animals and man are currently being studied. To date, tests employing isoenzyme electrophoresis and monoclonal antibodies have identified some of the isolated strains as L. amazonensis and L. panamensis. At present it seems evident that a detailed study of leishmaniasis transmission in Ecuador is needed in order to develop a plan for future control of the disease. Survey work directed at identifying the particular Leishmania varieties prevalent in the country's different endemic areas is also needed, as is research on the sandfly vectors and animal reservoirs of the disease.
本文简要回顾了厄瓜多尔利什曼病的现有知识——从1920年首例人类病例被描述至今。关于基本情况，厄瓜多尔20个省份中有14个存在利什曼病地方病。在全国范围内，1983 - 1986年期间登记了4000多例病例。在1920年至1987年文献引用的260例病例中，240例（92.3%）据说为皮肤型疾病，18例（6.9%）为黏膜皮肤型。1920年至1987年期间仅报告了1例内脏利什曼病和1例弥漫性皮肤利什曼病，且均未得到证实。作者从野生动物和人类身上分离出的各种利什曼原虫菌株目前正在研究中。迄今为止，采用同工酶电泳和单克隆抗体的检测已将一些分离菌株鉴定为亚马逊利什曼原虫和巴拿马利什曼原虫。目前看来，显然需要对厄瓜多尔利什曼病的传播进行详细研究，以便制定未来疾病控制计划。还需要开展调查工作，以确定该国不同地方病流行区普遍存在的特定利什曼原虫品种，同时也需要对该疾病的白蛉传播媒介和动物宿主进行研究。
