University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, Milano, Italy.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2011;63(1-4):35-9. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.05.002. Epub 2010 Jun 12.
The use of sonar by military vessels during military exercises may produce acoustic pollution of the marine environment. States have an obligation under international law to reduce and control this form of pollution. Regulation of the use of sonar is rendered more complex by the specific regime applicable to warships, i.e. sovereign immunity. Immunity however does not prevent in all cases action by States other than the flag State, notwithstanding the limitations imposed by Art. 236 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. More importantly, immunity does not prevent the flag State from taking measures to reduce pollution caused by its own warships. Under some environmental treaties, flag States not only may, but have the obligation to adopt measures.
军事演习期间军舰使用声纳可能会对海洋环境造成声污染。各国根据国际法有义务减少和控制这种形式的污染。军舰适用的特殊制度，即主权豁免，使声纳的使用管制更加复杂。然而，豁免并不排除船旗国以外的国家采取行动，尽管《联合国海洋法公约》第 236 条规定了限制。更重要的是，豁免并不妨碍船旗国采取措施减少其本国军舰造成的污染。在某些环境条约下，船旗国不仅可以，而且有义务采取措施。
