铅与儿童：家庭医生的临床处理。
Lead and children: clinical management for family physicians.
机构信息
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada.
出版信息
Can Fam Physician. 2010 Jun;56(6):531-5.
OBJECTIVE
To provide family physicians with a practical, evidence-based approach to screening for and preventing children's exposure to lead.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
MEDLINE was searched using terms relevant to lead exposure and poisoning. We reviewed English-language articles published in 2003 to 2008. Most cited studies provide level 2 or 3 evidence.
MAIN MESSAGE
Lead is a developmental neurotoxin. Children are most commonly exposed and they are most vulnerable. Lead exposure has been associated with many cognitive and motor deficits, as well as distractibility and other characteristics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Although children's blood lead levels have declined considerably over the past 3 decades with removal of lead from gasoline and paint, children can still be exposed to lead from lead paint in older homes, toys, and other sources. Because post-exposure treatment cannot reverse the cognitive effects of lead exposure, preventing lead exposure is essential.
CONCLUSION
Family physicians have an important role in screening for children at high risk of lead exposure, and in educating families to prevent the exposure of children to lead.
目的
为家庭医生提供一种实用的、基于证据的方法，用于筛查和预防儿童接触铅。
信息来源
使用与铅暴露和中毒相关的术语搜索 MEDLINE。我们回顾了 2003 年至 2008 年发表的英文文章。大多数引用的研究提供了 2 级或 3 级证据。
主要信息
铅是一种发育性神经毒素。儿童最常接触铅，他们也最容易受到伤害。铅暴露与许多认知和运动缺陷以及注意力缺陷多动障碍的注意力不集中和其他特征有关。尽管过去 30 年来通过从汽油和油漆中去除铅，儿童血液中的铅含量已经大幅下降，但儿童仍可能因旧住宅、玩具和其他来源的含铅油漆而接触铅。由于接触后治疗不能逆转铅暴露的认知影响，因此预防铅暴露至关重要。
结论
家庭医生在筛查高铅暴露风险的儿童以及教育家庭预防儿童接触铅方面发挥着重要作用。
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