Bodeau-Livinec Florence, Glorennec Philippe, Cot Michel, Dumas Pierre, Durand Séverine, Massougbodji Achille, Ayotte Pierre, Le Bot Barbara
Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, 35043 Rennes, France.
Inserm UMR 1153 Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Mar 11;13(3):316. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13030316.
Lead in childhood is well known to be associated with poor neurodevelopment. As part of a study on maternal anemia and offspring neurodevelopment, we analyzed blood lead level (BLL) with no prior knowledge of lead exposure in 225 mothers and 685 offspring 1 to 2 years old from Allada, a semi-rural area in Benin, sub-Saharan Africa, between May 2011 and May 2013. Blood samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Environmental assessments in households and isotopic ratio measurements were performed for eight children with BLL > 100 µg/L. High lead levels (BLL > 50 µg/L) were found in 44% of mothers and 58% of children. The median BLL was 55.1 (interquartile range 39.2-85.0) and 46.6 (36.5-60.1) µg/L, respectively. Maternal BLL was associated with offspring's consumption of piped water and animals killed by ammunition. Children's BLL was associated with presence of paint chips in the house and consumption of animals killed by ammunition. In this population, with 98% of children still breastfed, children's BLL was highly associated with maternal BLL on multivariate analyses. Environmental measures and isotopic ratios supported these findings. Offspring may be highly exposed to lead in utero and probably via breastfeeding in addition to lead paint exposure.
儿童期铅暴露与神经发育不良密切相关。作为一项关于孕产妇贫血与后代神经发育研究的一部分，我们于2011年5月至2013年5月期间，对来自撒哈拉以南非洲贝宁半农村地区阿拉达的225名母亲和685名1至2岁后代进行了血铅水平（BLL）分析，事先对铅暴露情况并不了解。血样通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行分析。对8名血铅水平>100μg/L的儿童进行了家庭环境评估和同位素比率测量。结果发现，44%的母亲和58%的儿童血铅水平较高（BLL>50μg/L）。母亲和儿童的血铅水平中位数分别为55.1（四分位间距39.2 - 85.0）和46.6（36.5 - 60.1）μg/L。母亲的血铅水平与后代饮用管道水以及食用被弹药打死的动物有关。儿童的血铅水平与房屋内存在油漆碎片以及食用被弹药打死的动物有关。在这个98%的儿童仍在母乳喂养的人群中，多因素分析显示儿童的血铅水平与母亲的血铅水平高度相关。环境测量和同位素比率支持了这些发现。后代可能在子宫内就高度暴露于铅，除了接触含铅油漆外，可能还通过母乳喂养接触铅。
