Brenner M, Berking C
Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, München, Duetschland.
Hautarzt. 2010 Jul;61(7):554-60. doi: 10.1007/s00105-009-1913-z.
Skin pigmentation is highly determined by genetic factors and so far more than 150 genes have been identified that affect skin color either directly or indirectly. The production of eu- and pheomelanin in melanosomes results from the complex interaction between melanogenic regulators in melanocytes and factors derived from keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Besides genetic determination, pigmentation depends on environmental and endocrine factors that modulate the amount, type and distribution of melanins in the skin. Understanding the intrinsic mechanisms of melanogenesis is the basis for modifications of skin pigmentation which are of great interest pharmaceutically and cosmeceutically.
皮肤色素沉着很大程度上由遗传因素决定，到目前为止，已鉴定出150多种直接或间接影响肤色的基因。黑素小体中真黑素和褐黑素的产生源于黑素细胞中黑素生成调节因子与角质形成细胞和成纤维细胞衍生因子之间的复杂相互作用。除了遗传决定因素外，色素沉着还取决于环境和内分泌因素，这些因素调节皮肤中黑色素的数量、类型和分布。了解黑素生成的内在机制是改变皮肤色素沉着的基础，这在制药和化妆品领域具有极大的研究价值。
