Fisher Peter
Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital, London, UK.
Hum Exp Toxicol. 2010 Jul;29(7):555-60. doi: 10.1177/0960327110369776.
Homeopathy is the best known medical analogue of hormesis, others include hormoligosis and paradoxical pharmacology. Homeopathy is based on the concept Similia similibus curentur ('Let like be cured by like'); the exploitation of secondary effects of drugs, the body's reaction rather than the primary pharmacological action. The most controversial aspect of homeopathy is its use of 'ultramolecular' dilutions in which a single molecule of the starting substance is unlikely to be present. Classical pharmacological actions in vivo have been reported with dilutions as high as 10(-22)mol/L, but homeopathic medicines may be far more dilute than this. There is growing biological evidence including independent reproduction that in vivo effects may occur at such dilutions. In a systematic review, 73% of experiments showed an effect with ultramolecular dilutions including 68% of high-quality experiments. Physical and physico-chemical work suggests that homeopathic preparations contain stable ordered supramolecular structures, gas nanobubbles and dissolved silicates may be involved. Homeopathy may contribute to the generalizability and reproducibility of hormesis effects. It also raises the question of the threshold of hormesis effects.
顺势疗法是最广为人知的兴奋性效应的医学类似物，其他还包括兴奋适应和矛盾药理学。顺势疗法基于“以类治类”（“以相似之物治愈相似病症”）的概念；利用药物的次要效应，即机体的反应而非主要药理作用。顺势疗法最具争议的方面在于其使用“超分子”稀释液，其中起始物质的单个分子不太可能存在。体内的经典药理作用已被报道在高达10（-22）摩尔/升的稀释度下出现，但顺势疗法药物的稀释度可能比这高得多。越来越多的生物学证据包括独立重复实验表明，在这种稀释度下可能会出现体内效应。在一项系统评价中，73%的实验显示超分子稀释液有效果，其中68%是高质量实验。物理和物理化学研究表明，顺势疗法制剂包含稳定有序的超分子结构，气体纳米气泡和溶解的硅酸盐可能与之有关。顺势疗法可能有助于兴奋性效应的普遍性和可重复性。它还提出了兴奋性效应阈值的问题。
