Graham J W, Marks G, Hansen W B
Institute for Prevention Research, University of Southern California, Alhambra 91803-1358.
J Appl Psychol. 1991 Apr;76(2):291-8. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.76.2.291.
Social influence is central to models of adolescent substance use. Nonetheless, researchers fail to delineate the various forms of social influence. A framework that distinguishes between active (explicit drug offers) and passive (social modeling and overestimation of friends' use) social pressure was tested. The effect of these processes on alcohol and cigarette use was examined with 526 seventh graders taking part in an alcohol prevention program. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that pretest measures of alcohol use, offers, modeling, and overestimation each accounted for unique variance in posttest alcohol use. Similar results were obtained for cigarette smoking. The general model was not significantly different for boys and girls, or for prior users and prior nonusers, supporting the generalizability of the framework. Implications for intervention programs are discussed.
社会影响是青少年物质使用模型的核心。尽管如此，研究人员未能明确区分社会影响的各种形式。一个区分主动（明确的毒品提供）和被动（社会示范以及对朋友使用情况的高估）社会压力的框架得到了检验。通过526名参加酒精预防项目的七年级学生，研究了这些过程对酒精和香烟使用的影响。分层回归分析表明，酒精使用、提供、示范和高估的预测试量各自在测试后酒精使用中解释了独特的方差。吸烟也得到了类似的结果。该通用模型在男孩和女孩之间，以及先前使用者和先前非使用者之间没有显著差异，这支持了该框架的普遍性。文中讨论了对干预项目的启示。
