Osada Hisao, Suzuki Takako, Takata Kazuko, Nishishita Akitoshi
J. F. Obirlin University, Graduate Program in Gerontology.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2010 Apr;57(4):279-90.
The purpose of this study was to investigate and classify major social activities in community elderly. We also clarified reliability, dependence on the age bracket, changes in activity frequency over the past year, and relation between social activities and QOL using a questionnaire.
The subjects were 1,344 individuals aged 60 years or more, living in A area of metropolitan Tokyo. All were members of a Silver Human Resources Center or a Senior Citizen's Club.
At first, using explanatory factor analysis for social activities, 14 items were selected and 4 factors were constructed ("participating with community activities", "visiting relatives or friends", "participating with group activities", "hobby activities")., and the validity of logical factors and internal consistency were confirmed. The resulting questionnaire had high discrimination and a clear factor structure. Cronbach's alpha of sub-scales were 0.73-0.87. Then gender difference and age differences were compared. On comparison, there was significantly more frequent activity ("visiting relatives or friends", "hobby activities") in males than in females. With age, significantly lower activity ("visiting relatives or friends") was noted in 70-74 year old females than in the other ages. At resurvey after one year, medium positive correlation coefficients were found among subs-cales and ages in both males and females. There were also significant correlations between sub-scales of social activities and a "positive mental attitude" with the QOL questionnaire in both sexes, and between sub-scales and "satisfaction with human support" in females.
The results suggest that the major sources of social activities in community elderly revolve around 4 factors and 14 items, with distinct relations to QOL. In the future, multi-communitie should be examed for community gaps, and also to distinguish between psychic and physical wellness.
本研究旨在调查和分类社区老年人的主要社会活动。我们还通过问卷调查明确了可靠性、年龄组依赖性、过去一年活动频率的变化以及社会活动与生活质量之间的关系。
研究对象为居住在东京都A区的1344名60岁及以上的个体。他们均为银色人力资源中心或老年俱乐部的成员。
首先，对社会活动进行解释性因素分析，选取了14个项目并构建了4个因素（“参与社区活动”、“探访亲戚或朋友”、“参与团体活动”、“业余爱好活动”），并确认了逻辑因素的有效性和内部一致性。所得问卷具有较高的区分度和清晰的因素结构。各子量表的克朗巴赫α系数为0.73 - 0.87。然后比较了性别差异和年龄差异。比较发现，男性的活动（“探访亲戚或朋友”、“业余爱好活动”）频率明显高于女性。随着年龄增长，70 - 74岁女性的活动（“探访亲戚或朋友”）频率明显低于其他年龄段。在一年后的重新调查中，男性和女性的子量表与年龄之间均发现中等程度的正相关系数。社会活动子量表与生活质量问卷中的“积极心态”在两性中均存在显著相关性，在女性中，子量表与“对人际支持的满意度”之间也存在显著相关性。
结果表明，社区老年人社会活动的主要来源围绕4个因素和14个项目，与生活质量有明显关系。未来，应在多个社区研究社区差距，同时区分心理和身体健康状况。
