Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2010 Jul;36(4):1010-6. doi: 10.1037/a0019402.
Research has shown that processing information in a survival context can enhance the information's memorability. The current study examined whether survival processing can also decrease the susceptibility to false memories and whether the survival advantage can be found in children. In Experiment 1, adults rated semantically related words in a survival, moving, or pleasantness scenario. Even though the survival advantage was demonstrated for true recall, there also was an unexpected increase in false memories in the survival condition. Similarly, younger and older children in Experiment 2 displayed superior true recall but also higher rates of false memories in a survival condition. Experiment 3 showed that in adults false memories were also more likely to occur in the survival condition when categorized lists instead of Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM)-like word lists were used. In all three experiments, no survival recall advantage was found when net accuracy scores that take the total output into account were used. These findings question whether survival processing is an adaptive memory strategy per se, as such processing not only enriches true recall but simultaneously amplifies the vulnerability to false memories.
研究表明，在生存情境中处理信息可以增强信息的可记性。本研究考察了生存加工是否也能降低错误记忆的易感性，以及生存优势是否可以在儿童中找到。在实验 1 中，成年人在生存、移动或愉快的场景中对语义相关的词进行评分。尽管在真实回忆中表现出了生存优势，但在生存条件下也意外地增加了错误记忆。同样，在实验 2 中，年轻和年长的儿童在生存条件下表现出了更好的真实回忆，但错误记忆的比率也更高。实验 3 表明，当使用分类列表而不是 Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM)-like 单词列表时，成年人在生存条件下也更容易产生错误记忆。在所有三个实验中，当使用考虑总输出的净准确率分数时，没有发现生存回忆优势。这些发现质疑生存加工本身是否是一种适应性记忆策略，因为这种加工不仅丰富了真实回忆，同时也放大了错误记忆的脆弱性。
