Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2010 Mar;17(2):129-59. doi: 10.1080/13825580903029715. Epub 2009 Jul 29.
Covertly generating item-specific characteristics for each studied word from DRM (Deese-Roediger-McDermott) lists decreases false memory in young adults. The typical interpretation of this finding is that item-specific characteristics act as additional unique source information bound to each studied item at encoding, and at retrieval young adults can use the absence of this type of information to reject non-presented associated words that might otherwise be falsely remembered. In two experiments, we examined whether healthy older adults could use this strategy to reduce their false memories in the DRM paradigm. In Experiment 1, low frontal lobe functioning was associated with increased false memory in the item-specific strategy condition. Experiment 2 found more memory intrusions under item-specific encoding and the same amount of false memory in auditory and visual presentation conditions, i.e., no modality effect, even with 8 s of encoding time. Both findings are consistent with impaired distinctive processing by older adults.
从 DRM（Deese-Roediger-McDermott）列表中为每个研究单词秘密生成特定于项目的特征可降低年轻人的错误记忆。这一发现的典型解释是，特定于项目的特征在编码时作为与每个研究项目相关联的附加独特源信息，并且在检索时，年轻人可以利用这种类型的信息的缺失来拒绝可能被错误记住的未呈现的相关单词。在两项实验中，我们研究了健康的老年人是否可以使用这种策略来减少他们在 DRM 范式中的错误记忆。在实验 1 中，额叶功能较低与特定项目策略条件下的错误记忆增加有关。实验 2 发现特定于项目的编码下存在更多的记忆干扰，并且在听觉和视觉呈现条件下存在相同数量的错误记忆，即没有模态效应，即使编码时间为 8 秒。这两个发现都与老年人的辨别处理受损一致。
