Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
Mol Plant Pathol. 2003 Jan 1;4(1):1-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1364-3703.2003.00146.x.
SUMMARY Taxonomy: Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is the type species of the genus Alfamovirus and belongs to the family Bromoviridae. In this family, the tripartite RNA genomes of bromo-, cucumo- and probably oleaviruses are infectious as such, whereas infection with the three genomic RNAs of alfamo- and ilarviruses requires addition to the inoculum of a few molecules of coat protein (CP) per RNA molecule. RNAs 1 and 2 encode the replicase proteins P1 and P2, RNA 3 encodes the movement protein and CP. CP is translated from the subgenomic RNA 4. Physical properties: RNAs 1 (3.65 kb), 2 (2.6 kb) and 3 (2.2 kb) are separately encapsidated into bacilliform particles which are 19 nm wide and 35-56 nm long. In addition, the virus preparations contain spheroidal particles each containing two copies of RNA 4 (0.88 kb). Virus particles contain 16-17% RNA and are mainly stabilized by protein-RNA interactions. The 3'-termini of the viral RNAs contain a homologous sequence of 145 nucleotides that can adopt two alternative conformations: one represents a high-affinity binding site for CP, the other resembles a tRNA-like structure and is required for minus-strand promoter activity. Hosts: AMV mostly infects herbaceous plants, but several woody species are included in the natural host range. The experimental and natural host ranges include over 600 species in 70 families. At least 15 aphid species are known to transmit the virus in the stylet-borne or non-persistent manner. Economic importance: AMV is a significant pathogen in alfalfa and sweet clover and can spread from these forages to neighbouring crops like pepper, tobacco or soybean. The recent introduction of the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) in the mid-west states of the USA has increased the incidence of AMV in soybean. AMV occurs world-wide in potato and is referred to as 'calico mosaic' because of its characteristic symptoms on the foliage. However, the economic importance of AMV in potato is limited.
http://www.socgenmicrobiol.org.uk/JGV/080/1089/0801089A.PDF review paper; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/10010001.htm host range and physical properties; http://mmtsb.scripps.edu/viper/1amv.html structural information.
概述 分类：紫花苜蓿花叶病毒（AMV）是阿尔达病毒属的模式种，属于呼肠孤病毒科。在这个科中，三组分 RNA 基因组的 Bromo-、Cucumo-和可能的 Oleaviruses 可以作为感染物本身进行感染，而 Alfamo-和 Ilarviruses 的三个基因组 RNA 的感染需要在接种物中添加每 RNA 分子几个分子的外壳蛋白 (CP)。RNA1 和 2 编码复制酶蛋白 P1 和 P2，RNA3 编码运动蛋白和 CP。CP 从亚基因组 RNA4 翻译而来。物理特性：RNA1（3.65 kb）、RNA2（2.6 kb）和 RNA3（2.2 kb）分别被包装到杆状颗粒中，这些颗粒宽 19nm，长 35-56nm。此外，病毒制剂还含有每个含有两个 RNA4 拷贝（0.88 kb）的球形颗粒。病毒颗粒含有 16-17%的 RNA，主要通过蛋白-RNA 相互作用稳定。病毒 RNA 的 3'末端含有 145 个核苷酸的同源序列，该序列可以采用两种替代构象：一种代表 CP 的高亲和力结合位点，另一种类似于 tRNA 样结构，是负链启动子活性所必需的。宿主：AMV 主要感染草本植物，但天然宿主范围包括几种木本植物。实验和自然宿主范围包括 70 个科中的 600 多种物种。至少有 15 种蚜虫以刺吸或非持久方式传播该病毒。经济重要性：AMV 是紫花苜蓿和甜三叶草的重要病原体，可从这些饲料传播到邻近作物，如辣椒、烟草或大豆。最近在美国中西部各州引入大豆蚜虫（Aphis glycines）增加了大豆中 AMV 的发病率。AMV 在世界各地的马铃薯中存在，并因其在叶片上的特征症状而被称为“花斑花叶”。然而，AMV 在马铃薯中的经济重要性是有限的。有用的网站：http://www.socgenmicrobiol.org.uk/JGV/080/1089/0801089A.PDF评论文章；http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/10010001.htm宿主范围和物理特性；http://mmtsb.scripps.edu/viper/1amv.html结构信息。
