Riccabona M
Abteilung für Kinderurologie, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Linz, Seilerstätte 4, Linz, Austria.
Urologe A. 2010 Jul;49(7):861-9; quiz 870. doi: 10.1007/s00120-010-2328-2.
Enuresis is defined as nocturnal bed wetting for at least 2 nights per month in children older than 5 years. At this age the prevalence of enuresis is about 15-20%. More than 50% of these children show day time symptoms, such as frequency, urgency and incontinence (non-monosymptomatic enuresis). The other children are asymptomatic during day time and wet the bed during the night time (monosymptomatic enuresis). The main pathogenetic factors are nycturia, detrusor overactivity and reduced arousability. Psychological and psychiatric aspects, genetics and obstipation play an additional role in the etiology. Basic diagnostic investigations are mandatory before treatment. Clinical history, physical examination, sonography of the urinary tract, urinalysis and bladder diary are prerequisites before any therapeutic steps are taken. The cornerstones of primary enuresis therapy are general lifestyle advice, pharmacotherapy and alarm devices. Therapy-resistant children deserve further evaluation and a multidisciplinary therapy approach. After careful evaluation specific therapy is efficient in approximately 80% of patients.
遗尿症的定义为5岁以上儿童每月至少有2个夜晚尿床。在这个年龄段，遗尿症的患病率约为15% - 20%。这些儿童中超过50%表现出白天症状，如尿频、尿急和尿失禁（非单症状性遗尿症）。其他儿童白天无症状，仅在夜间尿床（单症状性遗尿症）。主要发病因素为夜尿症、逼尿肌过度活动和唤醒阈值降低。心理和精神方面、遗传因素及便秘在病因学中也起额外作用。治疗前必须进行基本的诊断检查。临床病史、体格检查、泌尿系统超声检查、尿液分析和膀胱日记是采取任何治疗措施之前的先决条件。原发性遗尿症治疗的基石是一般生活方式建议、药物治疗和警报装置。对治疗抵抗的儿童值得进一步评估并采用多学科治疗方法。经过仔细评估，特定治疗对约80%的患者有效。
