Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
Addict Biol. 2000 Jan 1;5(1):37-46. doi: 10.1080/13556210071252.
Mammalian tissues contain at least two types of cannabinoid receptor, CB₁, found mainly on neurones and CB₂, found mainly in immune cells. Endogenous ligands for these receptors have also been identified. These endocannabinoids and their receptors constitute the endogenous cannabinoid system. Two cannabinoid receptor agonists, Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol and nabilone, are used clinically as anti-emetics or to boost appetite. Additional therapeutic uses of cannabinoids may include the suppression of some multiple sclerosis and spinal injury symptoms, the management of pain, bronchial asthma and glaucoma, and the prevention of neurotoxicity. There are also potential clinical applications for CB₁ receptor antagonists, in the management of acute schizophrenia and cognitive/memory dysfunctions and as appetite suppressants. Future research is likely to be directed at characterizing the endogenous cannabinoid system more completely, at obtaining more conclusive clinical data about cannabinoids with regard to both beneficial and adverse effects, at developing improved cannabinoid formulations and modes of administration for use in the clinic and at devising clinical strategies for separating out the sought-after effects of CB₁ receptor agonists from their psychotropic and other unwanted effects.
哺乳动物组织中至少存在两种类型的大麻素受体，CB₁ 主要存在于神经元上，CB₂ 主要存在于免疫细胞中。这些受体的内源性配体也已被确定。这些内源性大麻素及其受体构成了内源性大麻素系统。两种大麻素受体激动剂，Δ⁹-四氢大麻酚和纳布啡，临床上被用作止吐药或增加食欲。大麻素的其他治疗用途可能包括抑制某些多发性硬化症和脊髓损伤症状、管理疼痛、支气管哮喘和青光眼以及预防神经毒性。CB₁ 受体拮抗剂也有潜在的临床应用，可用于治疗急性精神分裂症和认知/记忆功能障碍，并作为食欲抑制剂。未来的研究可能集中于更全面地描述内源性大麻素系统，获得更多关于大麻素在有益和有害影响方面的更确凿的临床数据，开发用于临床的改进的大麻素配方和给药方式，以及制定临床策略，将 CB₁ 受体激动剂的预期效果与其精神活性和其他不良影响分开。
