Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Prog Retin Eye Res. 2010 Nov;29(6):520-42. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.05.004. Epub 2010 May 31.
Refractive errors represent the leading cause of correctable vision impairment and blindness in the world with an estimated 2 billion people affected. Refractive error refers to a group of refractive conditions including hypermetropia, myopia, astigmatism and presbyopia but relatively little is known about their aetiology. In order to explore the potential role of genetic determinants in refractive error the "GEnes in Myopia (GEM) study" was established in 2004. The findings that have resulted from this study have not only provided greater insight into the role of genes and other factors involved in myopia but have also gone some way to uncovering the aetiology of other refractive errors. This review will describe some of the major findings of the GEM study and their relative contribution to the literature, illuminate where the deficiencies are in our understanding of the development of refractive errors and how we will advance this field in the future.
屈光不正（Refractive errors）是世界范围内可矫正视力损害和失明的主要原因，估计有 20 亿人受到影响。屈光不正指的是一组屈光状态，包括远视、近视、散光和老视，但对其病因知之甚少。为了探索遗传决定因素在屈光不正中的潜在作用，“近视基因研究（GEM）”于 2004 年成立。这项研究的结果不仅提供了更多关于基因和其他近视相关因素的作用的见解，而且也在一定程度上揭示了其他屈光不正的病因。本综述将描述 GEM 研究的一些主要发现及其对文献的相对贡献，阐明我们对屈光不正发展的理解的不足之处，以及我们将如何在未来推动这一领域的发展。
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