Martiniakova Monika, Babikova Martina, Mondockova Vladimira, Blahova Jana, Kovacova Veronika, Omelka Radoslav
Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia.
Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia.
Nutrients. 2022 Jan 25;14(3):523. doi: 10.3390/nu14030523.
Osteoporosis is considered an age-related disorder of the skeletal system, characterized primarily by decreased bone mineral density (BMD), microstructural quality and an elevated risk of fragility fractures. This silent disease is increasingly becoming a global epidemic due to an aging population and longer life expectancy. It is known that nutrition and physical activity play an important role in skeletal health, both in achieving the highest BMD and in maintaining bone health. In this review, the role of macronutrients (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates), micronutrients (minerals-calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, as well as vitamins-D, C, K) and flavonoid polyphenols (quercetin, rutin, luteolin, kaempferol, naringin) which appear to be essential for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, are characterized. Moreover, the importance of various naturally available nutrients, whether in the diet or in food supplements, is emphasized. In addition to pharmacotherapy, the basis of osteoporosis prevention is a healthy diet rich mainly in fruits, vegetables, seafood and fish oil supplements, specific dairy products, containing a sufficient amount of all aforementioned nutritional substances along with regular physical activity. The effect of diet alone in this context may depend on an individual's genotype, gene-diet interactions or the composition and function of the gut microbiota.
骨质疏松症被认为是一种与年龄相关的骨骼系统疾病，主要特征是骨矿物质密度（BMD）降低、微观结构质量下降以及脆性骨折风险升高。由于人口老龄化和预期寿命延长，这种隐匿性疾病正日益成为一种全球流行病。众所周知，营养和体育活动在骨骼健康中起着重要作用，无论是在达到最高骨密度还是在维持骨骼健康方面。在这篇综述中，阐述了常量营养素（蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物）、微量营养素（矿物质——钙、磷、镁以及维生素D、C、K）和类黄酮多酚（槲皮素、芦丁、木犀草素、山奈酚、柚皮苷）在骨质疏松症预防和治疗中似乎必不可少的作用。此外，强调了各种天然可得营养素的重要性，无论是在饮食中还是在食品补充剂中。除药物治疗外，骨质疏松症预防的基础是健康饮食，主要富含水果、蔬菜、海鲜和鱼油补充剂、特定乳制品，这些食物含有足够量的所有上述营养物质，同时进行定期体育活动。在这种情况下，单纯饮食的效果可能取决于个体的基因型、基因与饮食的相互作用或肠道微生物群的组成和功能。
