Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2010 Jul;293(7):1101-14. doi: 10.1002/ar.21162.
In this article we present a 3-D modeling study of cardiac development in the European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (of the reptilian order Testudines). The study is aimed at elucidating the embryonic development of the horizontal septum in the ventricle and underscoring the importance of 3-D reconstructions in studying morphogenesis. Turtles possess one common ventricle, partly divided into three cava by a vertical and a horizontal septum, of which the embryonic origins have so far not been described. We used serial sectioning and computerized high-resolution 3-D reconstructions of different developmental stages to create a chronological overview of cardiogenesis, in order to study this process. This has yielded a new understanding of the development of the horizontal septum and (directly related) the looping of the heart tube. This looping is found to be markedly different from that in the human heart, with the turtle having two clear bends in the part of the heart tube leaving the primitive ventricle, as opposed to one in humans. It is this particular looping that is responsible for the formation of the horizontal septum. In addition to our findings on the ventricular septation this study has also yielded new insights into the developmental origins of the pulmonary vein. The 3-D reconstructions were built using our platform TDR-3-D base and enabled us to study the developmental processes in specific parts of the turtle heart separately and in three dimensions, over time. The complete 3-D reconstructions have been made available to the reader via internet using our 3-D model browser application, which allows interactive viewing of the models. The browser application can be found on bio-imaging.liacs.nl/galleries/emysorbicularis/TurtleGallery.html, along with additional images of both models and histological sections and animation sequences of the models. By allowing the reader to view the material in such an interactive way, we hope to make optimal use of the new 3-D reconstruction techniques and to engage the reader in a more direct manner.
本文对欧洲池龟（Emys orbicularis，爬行纲龟鳖目）的心脏发育进行了三维建模研究。本研究旨在阐明心室中水平隔的胚胎发育，并强调 3-D 重建在形态发生研究中的重要性。龟类只有一个共同的心室，被一个垂直和一个水平隔部分地分成三个腔，其胚胎起源迄今尚未描述。我们使用连续切片和不同发育阶段的计算机高分辨率 3-D 重建来创建心脏发生的时间顺序概述，以研究这个过程。这使我们对水平隔的发育以及（直接相关的）心脏管的环化有了新的认识。这种环化与人类心脏明显不同，龟类心脏离开原始心室的心脏管的两个部分有两个明显的弯曲，而人类心脏只有一个。正是这种特殊的环化导致了水平隔的形成。除了我们在心室分隔方面的发现，这项研究还为肺静脉的发育起源提供了新的见解。3-D 重建是使用我们的 TDR-3-D 平台构建的，使我们能够分别在特定的时间点以三维方式研究龟类心脏的发育过程。完整的 3-D 重建已经通过我们的 3-D 模型浏览器应用程序提供给读者，该应用程序允许交互式查看模型。浏览器应用程序可以在 bio-imaging.liacs.nl/galleries/emysorbicularis/TurtleGallery.html 上找到，同时还提供了模型的附加图像以及模型的动画序列。通过允许读者以这种交互式的方式查看材料，我们希望充分利用新的 3-D 重建技术，并以更直接的方式吸引读者。
