Isingrini M, Vazou F, Leroy P
Laboratorie de Psychologie Expérimentale, Université de Tours, France.
Mem Cognit. 1995 Jul;23(4):462-7. doi: 10.3758/bf03197247.
In this article, we report an experiment that provides further evidence concerning the differences between explicit and implicit measures of memory. The effects of age and divided attention on the implicit conceptual test of category exemplar generation (CEG) were compared with their effects on the explicit test of cued, recall, where the category names served as cues in both tasks. Four age groups (20-35, 40-55, 60-75, and 76-90) were compared. Half of the subjects were also required to carry out a secondary letter-detection task during the learning phase. Cued recall performance was significantly impaired by increased age and imposition of the secondary task. In contrast, the CEG task was unaffected by these two factors. These results suggest that implicit conceptual tasks and explicit memory tasks are mediated by different processes. This conclusion opposes those of previous studies that showed that experimental manipulations (level of processing, generation, organization) influenced these two kinds of memory tests in a similar way.
在本文中，我们报告了一项实验，该实验提供了关于记忆的显性和隐性测量之间差异的进一步证据。将年龄和分散注意力对类别范例生成（CEG）的隐性概念测试的影响与它们对线索回忆显性测试的影响进行了比较，在这两个任务中类别名称均作为线索。比较了四个年龄组（20 - 35岁、40 - 55岁、60 - 75岁和76 - 90岁）。一半的受试者还被要求在学习阶段执行一项辅助字母检测任务。线索回忆表现因年龄增长和辅助任务的施加而显著受损。相比之下，CEG任务不受这两个因素的影响。这些结果表明，隐性概念任务和显性记忆任务由不同的过程介导。这一结论与之前的研究结果相反，之前的研究表明实验操作（加工水平、生成、组织）以类似的方式影响这两种记忆测试。
