Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2010 Feb;29(1):72-80. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719819.
To determine the effects of dietary consumption of milled flaxseed or flaxseed oil on glycemic control, n-3 fatty acid status, anthropometrics, and adipokines in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Thirty-four participants were randomized into a parallel, controlled trial.
The participants were adults with type 2 diabetes (age 52.4 +/- 1.5 years, body mass index 32.4 +/- 1.0 kg/m(2), n = 17 men and 17 women).
Participants consumed a selection of bakery products containing no flax (control group [CTL], n = 9), milled flaxseed (FXS, n = 13; 32 g/d), or flaxseed oil (FXO, n = 12; 13 g/d) daily for 12 weeks. The FXS and FXO groups received equivalent amounts of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 7.4 g/day).
The primary outcome measures were fasting plasma hemoglobin A(1c), glucose, insulin, and phospholipid fatty acid composition. The secondary outcome measures were fasting circulating leptin and adiponectin, as well as body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference. Dietary intake assessment and calculations for homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and quantified insulin sensitivity check were also completed.
The FXS and FXO groups had increases in plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids (ALA, eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], or decosapentaenoic acid [DPA], but not docosahexaenoic acid), and the FXO group had more EPA and DPA in plasma phospholipids compared to the FXS group. All groups had similar caloric intakes; however, the CTL group experienced a 4% weight gain compared to baseline (p < 0.05), while both flax groups had constant body weights during the study period. All other parameters, including glycemic control, were unchanged by dietary treatment.
Milled FXS and FXO intake does not affect glycemic control in adults with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. Possible prevention of weight gain by flax consumption warrants further investigation.
确定食用磨碎亚麻籽或亚麻籽油对 2 型糖尿病患者血糖控制、n-3 脂肪酸状态、人体测量和脂肪因子的影响。
34 名参与者被随机分为平行对照试验。
参与者为 2 型糖尿病成年人（年龄 52.4 +/- 1.5 岁，体重指数 32.4 +/- 1.0 kg/m2，n = 17 名男性和 17 名女性）。
参与者每天食用含有亚麻（对照组[CTL]，n = 9）、磨碎亚麻籽（FXS，n = 13；32 g/d）或亚麻籽油（FXO，n = 12；13 g/d）的烘焙食品，持续 12 周。FXS 和 FXO 组摄入等量的α-亚麻酸（ALA；7.4 g/天）。
空腹血浆血红蛋白 A1c、血糖、胰岛素和磷脂脂肪酸组成。次要结局指标为空腹循环瘦素和脂联素，以及体重、体重指数和腰围。还完成了膳食摄入量评估和胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估以及量化胰岛素敏感性检查的计算。
FXS 和 FXO 组血浆磷脂 n-3 脂肪酸（ALA、二十碳五烯酸[EPA]或二十二碳五烯酸[DPA]，但不是二十二碳六烯酸[DHA]）增加，FXO 组与 FXS 组相比，血浆磷脂中 EPA 和 DPA 更多。所有组的热量摄入量相似；然而，CTL 组与基线相比体重增加了 4%（p < 0.05），而两个亚麻组在研究期间体重保持不变。所有其他参数，包括血糖控制，均不受饮食治疗影响。
食用磨碎的亚麻籽或亚麻籽油不会影响血糖控制良好的 2 型糖尿病成年人。亚麻消费可能预防体重增加值得进一步研究。
