Center for Environmental Health, 2201 Broadway, Suite 302, Oakland, California 94612, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Aug 15;44(16):6042-5. doi: 10.1021/es903745b.
Exposure to lead-containing jewelry has been identified as one cause of elevated blood lead levels. Because of the significant health effects of lead exposure, litigation and legislation in California set standards for lead content of children's and adult jewelry. We measured compliance with these standards for jewelry sold at 42 major retailers statewide. During a one-year period, we purchased over 1500 pieces of jewelry and used a two-step process (X-ray fluorescence analysis followed by laboratory verification) to identify noncompliant jewelry. About 4% of the jewelry we purchased did not comply with California lead standards, dramatically less jewelry with high lead content than has been measured in the past in California and in other states. We identified violations at 26 retailers. The violations were not restricted to particular types of jewelry or a particular price range. Most violations exceeded state standards by at least 2x. The most common violation was the "lobster-claw" clasp often used on necklaces. Litigation and legislation have been effective tools for reducing the prevalence of jewelry with high lead content in California. We are continuing our monitoring for at least another year with a goal of reducing the frequency of jewelry in violation of California lead standards to near zero.
暴露于含铅珠宝已被确定为导致血液中铅含量升高的原因之一。由于铅暴露对健康的重大影响，加利福尼亚州的诉讼和立法为儿童和成人珠宝的铅含量制定了标准。我们测量了全州 42 家主要零售商销售的珠宝是否符合这些标准。在一年的时间里，我们购买了超过 1500 件珠宝，并采用两步法（X 射线荧光分析后进行实验室验证）来识别不合规的珠宝。我们购买的珠宝中约有 4%不符合加利福尼亚州的铅标准，与过去在加利福尼亚州和其他州测量的高铅含量珠宝相比，数量明显减少。我们在 26 家零售商处发现了违规行为。违规行为不仅限于特定类型的珠宝或特定价格范围。大多数违规行为至少超出了国家标准 2 倍。最常见的违规行为是项链上常用的“龙虾爪”扣。诉讼和立法是减少加利福尼亚州高铅含量珠宝流行的有效工具。我们将继续至少再监测一年，目标是将违反加利福尼亚州铅标准的珠宝的频率降低到接近零。
