Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2010 Jul;46(4):815-26. doi: 10.1037/a0019664.
Three studies examined 24-month-olds' sensitivity to the prior accuracy of the source of information and the way in which young children modify their word learning from inaccurate sources. In Experiments 1A, 2, and 3, toddlers interacted with an accurate or inaccurate speaker who trained and tested children's comprehension of a new word-object link. In Experiment 1, children performed less systematically in response to an inaccurate than to an accurate source. In Experiments 2 and 3, after toddlers' comprehension of the new word-object links was tested by the original source, a second speaker requested the target objects. In Experiment 2, children responded randomly in response to the second speaker's requests when novel words were previously presented by an inaccurate source. In Experiment 3, toddlers responded randomly in response to both speakers in the inaccurate condition when their memory for words was taxed by a brief delay period. Taken together, these findings suggest that toddlers attend to accuracy information, that they treat inaccuracy as a feature of a particular individual, and that the word-object representations formed as a result may be fragile and short lived. Findings are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms by which children adjust their word learning from problematic speakers.
三项研究考察了 24 个月大的婴儿对信息来源先前准确性的敏感性，以及幼儿如何从不准确的来源中修改他们的词汇学习。在实验 1A、2 和 3 中，幼儿与一个准确或不准确的说话者互动，该说话者训练和测试儿童对新单词-物体链接的理解。在实验 1 中，儿童对不准确的来源的反应不如对准确的来源系统。在实验 2 和 3 中，在原始来源测试了儿童对新单词-物体链接的理解之后，第二个说话者请求目标对象。在实验 2 中，当新词之前由不准确的来源呈现时，儿童在第二个说话者的请求下随机反应。在实验 3 中，当短暂的延迟期使儿童的单词记忆负担过重时，他们在不准确的条件下对两个说话者随机反应。这些发现表明，幼儿关注准确性信息，他们将不准确视为特定个体的特征，并且由此形成的单词-物体表示可能脆弱且短暂。这些发现是根据儿童可能通过有问题的说话者调整他们的单词学习的机制来讨论的。
