Milingou Maria, Tagka Anna, Armenaka Melina, Kimpouri Konstantina, Kouimintzis Dimitris, Katsarou Alexandra
Department of Dermatology, University of Athens, A. Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Pediatr Dermatol. 2010 May-Jun;27(3):255-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01128.x.
The true prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in children remains unknown. Our aim was to compare the results of patch tests in children with suspected ACD between two different periods of time and identify possible changes in emerging allergens. We compared contact allergens, gender, age distribution, and personal history of atopic dermatitis (AD), in correlation with the positivity of patch tests, between two equal periods of time (232 children tested during 1980-1993, period A, and 255 children during 1994-2007, period B) in the same region and in the same institution. Patch test positivity was 47.8% in period A, and 60% in period B (p = 0.083). The most common allergens in period A were: nickel sulfate (16.3%), cobalt chloride (8.6%), fragrance mix (7.3%), potassium dichromate (4.3%), and thimerosal only (1.7%). In period B, the allergen distribution was as follows: nickel sulfate (21.56%), thimerosal (18.03%), cobalt chloride (12.9%), potassium dichromate (9.4%), and fragrance mix (4.7%). Girls were more likely to have a positive patch test compared with boys, with reactions in 53% of girls and 39% of boys in period A (p = 0.003), and 61% of girls and 58% of boys in period B (p = 0.691). Twenty-nine per cent of patients with positive results had a personal history of AD in period A and 44% in period B (p = 0.015). Differences in the positivity of allergens between different time periods reflect changes in habits, of allergens exposure or preventive measures.
儿童过敏性接触性皮炎（ACD）的真实患病率仍然未知。我们的目的是比较两个不同时间段疑似患有ACD的儿童的斑贴试验结果，并确定新出现的过敏原可能发生的变化。我们比较了同一地区同一机构在两个相等时间段（1980 - 1993年测试的232名儿童，A期；1994 - 2007年测试的255名儿童，B期）内的接触性过敏原、性别、年龄分布以及特应性皮炎（AD）个人史，并将其与斑贴试验阳性结果相关联。A期斑贴试验阳性率为47.8%，B期为60%（p = 0.083）。A期最常见的过敏原为：硫酸镍（16.3%）、氯化钴（8.6%）、香料混合物（7.3%）、重铬酸钾（4.3%）以及仅硫柳汞（1.7%）。在B期，过敏原分布如下：硫酸镍（21.56%）、硫柳汞（18.03%）、氯化钴（12.9%）、重铬酸钾（9.4%）以及香料混合物（4.7%）。与男孩相比，女孩斑贴试验呈阳性的可能性更高，A期女孩中有53%出现反应，男孩中有39%（p = 0.003）；B期女孩中有61%，男孩中有58%（p = 0.691）。A期斑贴试验结果呈阳性的患者中有29%有AD个人史，B期为44%（p = 0.015）。不同时间段过敏原阳性率的差异反映了习惯、过敏原暴露或预防措施的变化。
