Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jul 20;107(29):13099-104. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1008137107. Epub 2010 Jul 6.
Brain reward circuitry, including ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex, has been independently implicated in preferences for fair and cooperative outcomes as well as learning of reputations. Using functional MRI (fMRI) and a "trust game" task involving iterative exchanges with fictive partners who acquire different reputations for reciprocity, we measured brain responses in 36 healthy adults when positive actions (entrust investment to partners) yield positive returns (reciprocity) and how these brain responses are modulated by partner reputation for repayment. Here we show that positive reciprocity robustly engages the ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex. Moreover, this signal of reciprocity in the ventral striatum appears selectively in response to partners who have consistently returned the investment (e.g., a reputation for reciprocity) and is absent for partners who lack a reputation for reciprocity. These findings elucidate a fundamental brain mechanism, via reward-related neural substrates, by which human cooperative relationships are initiated and sustained.
大脑奖励回路，包括腹侧纹状体和眶额皮质，已被独立地涉及到对公平和合作结果的偏好，以及声誉的学习。使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和涉及与具有不同互惠声誉的虚构伙伴进行迭代交换的“信任游戏”任务，我们测量了 36 名健康成年人在积极行动（将投资委托给伙伴）产生积极回报（互惠）时的大脑反应，以及这些大脑反应如何受到伙伴偿还声誉的调节。在这里，我们表明积极的互惠关系强烈地参与了腹侧纹状体和眶额皮质。此外，这种腹侧纹状体中的互惠信号似乎是专门针对始终回报投资的伙伴（例如，互惠的声誉）而产生的，而对于缺乏互惠声誉的伙伴则不存在。这些发现阐明了一种基本的大脑机制，通过与奖励相关的神经基质，启动和维持人类的合作关系。
