Hogan N, DeSantis L
Nurse Educ Today. 1991 Jun;11(3):167-71. doi: 10.1016/0260-6917(91)90055-f.
The lack of a comprehensive, substantive theory base has resulted in the profession of nursing borrowing theoretical assumptions, concepts, and research instruments from other disciplines to examine nursing phenomena. Nurse researchers have focused their attention primarily on applied research leaving the development of substantive theory to others. If the nursing profession is to develop a scientifically-based practice, nurses will need to engage in debates about the need for and methods of generating substantive theory and shift from the use of borrowed knowledge and methods to original nursing research. In order to broaden the theoretical conceptualisations and directions of nursing research for the development of a substantive theory base, multi-method perspectives are necessary. Triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methods is one way to design research that will allow for development of substantive theory through the use of multiple methodology. This paper describes one method of preparing doctoral nurse students for triangulation of methods and to develop substantive theory for nursing practice.
缺乏全面、实质性的理论基础导致护理专业从其他学科借用理论假设、概念和研究工具来审视护理现象。护士研究者主要将注意力集中在应用研究上，而将实质性理论的发展留给了其他人。如果护理专业要发展基于科学的实践，护士们将需要参与关于产生实质性理论的必要性和方法的辩论，并从使用借用的知识和方法转向原创的护理研究。为了拓宽护理研究的理论概念和方向以发展实质性理论基础，多方法视角是必要的。定性和定量方法的三角互证是设计研究的一种方式，通过使用多种方法来发展实质性理论。本文描述了一种让护理学博士生为方法的三角互证做准备并为护理实践发展实质性理论的方法。
