School of Social Work, University of Maryland-Baltimore, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
J Gambl Stud. 2011 Jun;27(2):317-30. doi: 10.1007/s10899-010-9209-x.
This study tested for the presence of differential item functioning (DIF) in DSM-IV Pathological Gambling Disorder (PGD) criteria based on gender, race/ethnicity and age. Using a nationally representative sample of adults from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), indicating current gambling (n = 10,899), Multiple Indicator-Multiple Cause (MIMIC) models tested for DIF, controlling for income, education, and marital status. Compared to the reference groups (i.e., Male, Caucasian, and ages 25-59 years), women (OR = 0.62; P < .001) and Asian Americans (OR = 0.33; P < .001) were less likely to endorse preoccupation (Criterion 1). Women were more likely to endorse gambling to escape (Criterion 5) (OR = 2.22; P < .001) but young adults (OR = 0.62; P < .05) were less likely to endorse it. African Americans (OR = 2.50; P < .001) and Hispanics were more likely to endorse trying to cut back (Criterion 3) (OR = 2.01; P < .01). African Americans were more likely to endorse the suffering losses (OR = 2.27; P < .01) criterion. Young adults were more likely to endorse chasing losses (Criterion 9) (OR = 1.81; P < .01) while older adults were less likely to endorse this criterion (OR = 0.76; P < .05). Further research is needed to identify factors contributing to DIF, address criteria level bias, and examine differential test functioning.
本研究测试了 DSM-IV 病理性赌博障碍（PGD）标准基于性别、种族/民族和年龄的差异项目功能（DIF）。使用来自国家酒精和相关条件流行病学调查（NESARC）的全国代表性成年人样本，表明目前有赌博行为（n=10899），多指标-多原因（MIMIC）模型测试了 DIF，控制了收入、教育和婚姻状况。与参考组（即男性、白人和 25-59 岁）相比，女性（OR=0.62；P<.001）和亚裔美国人（OR=0.33；P<.001）不太可能认同痴迷（标准 1）。女性更有可能认同赌博以逃避（标准 5）（OR=2.22；P<.001），但年轻人（OR=0.62；P<.05）不太可能认同。非裔美国人（OR=2.50；P<.001）和西班牙裔人更有可能认同试图减少（标准 3）（OR=2.01；P<.01）。非裔美国人更有可能认同遭受损失（OR=2.27；P<.01）标准。年轻人更有可能认同追逐损失（标准 9）（OR=1.81；P<.01），而老年人不太可能认同这一标准（OR=0.76；P<.05）。需要进一步研究以确定导致 DIF 的因素，解决标准层面的偏差，并检查差异测试功能。
