Jadotte Yuri T, Schwartz Robert A
New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave., Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2010;18(2):124-9.
Melasma is a common disorder in women of reproductive age with darker skin tones, but may also affect adolescents, older women on certain medications, and sometimes men. It usually appears as hyperpigmented macules and patches distributed symmetrically on the face, neck and rarely the upper limbs. Although its pathogenesis remains unclear, known risk factors include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, hormonal variations of pregnancy and thyroid disease, and anti-seizure medications. The increase in melanin may be due to both an increase in melanogenesis and melanocytosis. Prevention should target a reduction of exposure to risk factors, such as consistent protection against UV radiation. The principle treatment options include topical hypopigmenting agents, chemical peels, laser therapy and superficial dermabrasion. The impact of melasma on the quality of life of patients should be considered.
黄褐斑是一种常见于育龄期深肤色女性的疾病，但也可能影响青少年、服用某些药物的老年女性，有时还会影响男性。它通常表现为面部、颈部对称分布的色素沉着斑和斑片，上肢很少出现。尽管其发病机制尚不清楚，但已知的危险因素包括紫外线（UV）辐射、妊娠和甲状腺疾病引起的激素变化以及抗癫痫药物。黑色素增加可能是由于黑素生成和黑素细胞增多所致。预防应着眼于减少接触危险因素，如持续防晒。主要的治疗选择包括外用脱色剂、化学剥脱术、激光治疗和浅表磨皮术。应考虑黄褐斑对患者生活质量的影响。
