Sraïri Mohamed Taher, El Jaouhari Meryem, Saydi Abdessalam, Kuper Marcel, Le Gal Pierre-Yves
Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, 6 202, Madinate Al Irfane, 10 101, Rabat, Morocco.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2011 Jan;43(1):41-9. doi: 10.1007/s11250-010-9652-9. Epub 2010 Jul 13.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of technical support provided to five small-scale cattle farms in the Tadla irrigation scheme (Morocco) on their milk yield. The first stage consisted of assessing the initial management of dairy herds, especially feeding strategies, and their effects on milk output. This diagnosis revealed major gaps between the existing and the potential milk yield, due to insufficient and imbalanced dietary rations. Based on this diagnosis, technical support was adapted to the reality of each farm by regularly adjusting the dietary rations to the production potential of lactating cows using available feed resources. The production potential of either pure Holstein or crossbred cows was based on the herd's physiological status and its genetic merit. Results showed that milk production could be rapidly improved by balanced dietary rations that enabled the average milk yield of lactating cows to be reached, while optimising feed costs and reducing the cost of milk production. Providing technical support to dairy farms should have a significant impact on overall milk production at different scales (irrigation scheme, plant supply area, national production) while alleviating the poverty of small-scale farmers. It would require the involvement of farmers' organisations such as milk collection co-operatives to replace services provided by the State, which is currently withdrawing from extension activities.
本研究旨在评估向摩洛哥塔德拉灌溉区的五个小型奶牛场提供技术支持对其产奶量的影响。第一阶段包括评估奶牛群的初始管理情况，特别是饲养策略及其对产奶量的影响。这一诊断揭示了由于日粮不足和不均衡，实际产奶量与潜在产奶量之间存在重大差距。基于这一诊断结果，通过利用现有饲料资源，根据泌乳奶牛的生产潜力定期调整日粮，使技术支持适应每个农场的实际情况。纯荷斯坦奶牛或杂交奶牛的生产潜力是基于牛群的生理状态及其遗传品质确定的。结果表明，通过均衡日粮能够迅速提高产奶量，使泌乳奶牛达到平均产奶量，同时优化饲料成本并降低牛奶生产成本。向奶牛场提供技术支持应会对不同规模（灌溉区、工厂供应区、国家产量）的总体牛奶生产产生重大影响，同时减轻小规模农户的贫困状况。这将需要诸如牛奶收购合作社等农民组织参与，以取代目前正在退出推广活动的国家所提供的服务。
