Sraïri Mohamed Taher, Kiade Najat, Lyoubi Rachid, Messad Samir, Faye Bernard
Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat Institutes, Morocco.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2009 Jun;41(5):835-43. doi: 10.1007/s11250-008-9259-6. Epub 2008 Nov 7.
Multivariate analyses were used to compare dairy production practices and their consequences on milk yield and profitability in cattle farms from two representative regions of Morocco. A regular follow-up of 118 farms (48 in the Rabat-Salé suburban belt and 70 in the Gharb irrigated perimeter) was undertaken to obtain accurate data. Results show significant differences between the two regions. Intensive milk production was more frequent in the suburban zone (more concentrates and better annual milk yield per cow). When conducting a "within-region" principal components analysis, farms' discrimination appeared to take into account all management variables (feeding, cattle sales, profitability), with no reference to farms' structural parameters (arable land and number of cattle). A typology of farms was then established using cluster analysis, with 4 distinct groups, namely: a) concentrates wasters, b) farms with a relatively important milk yield per cow, c) deficit dairy farms and d) beef oriented farms. The last group included almost exclusively farms from the irrigated perimeter (5 out of 7). These results indicate that dairy production promotion in Morocco requires more than just the intensification of forage production, but should focus also on improving management practices. The extension of complete and balanced dairy rations is urgently needed to enhance milk yield and profitability.
采用多变量分析方法，比较了摩洛哥两个代表性地区奶牛场的乳制品生产实践及其对产奶量和盈利能力的影响。对118个农场（拉巴特-萨勒郊区带的48个农场和加卜灌溉区的70个农场）进行了定期跟踪，以获取准确数据。结果显示，两个地区之间存在显著差异。城郊地区集约化牛奶生产更为常见（每头奶牛的精饲料更多，年奶产量更高）。在进行“区域内”主成分分析时，农场的区分似乎考虑了所有管理变量（饲养、牛的销售、盈利能力），而没有参考农场的结构参数（耕地和牛的数量）。然后，使用聚类分析建立了农场类型，分为4个不同的组，即：a）精饲料浪费型，b）每头奶牛产奶量相对较高的农场，c）亏损奶牛场，d）以牛肉生产为主的农场。最后一组几乎全部是灌溉区的农场（7个中有5个）。这些结果表明，摩洛哥促进乳制品生产不仅需要加强草料生产，还应注重改善管理实践。迫切需要推广完整且均衡的奶牛日粮，以提高产奶量和盈利能力。
