Boddy A V, Elmer G W, McFarland L V, Levy R H
Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
Pharm Res. 1991 Jun;8(6):796-800. doi: 10.1023/a:1015822605815.
Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) is a yeast that is used for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and for the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis. Since SB will most commonly be used when the bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract have been disrupted by antibiotic treatment, the influence of different antibiotics on the kinetics and recovery of SB in feces was investigated in rats. Following a single oral dose, SB concentrations in feces were measured for periods of 1 to 6 days. Although SB is eliminated exclusively in the feces, less than 3% of the dose is recovered as viable yeast. When rats were treated with neomycin, which is active against gram-negative aerobic bacteria but not against anaerobes, no change was observed in recovery of SB when compared with recovery from untreated rats. Also, there was no change in the rate at which SB concentrations declined in feces. In contrast, treatment with clindamycin and the broad-spectrum antibiotic ampicillin, which are active against anaerobes, produced an increase in the recovery of SB of up to seven times that of controls and slowed the rate of decline of SB concentration in the feces. This antibiotic effect on SB disposition was also found when SB was administered in multiple doses. An eightfold increase in the steady-state output of SB was observed from ampicillin-treated animals. Analysis of the recovery and kinetic data showed that the primary effect of these antibiotics was to reduce the destruction of SB, probably in the cecum and colon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
布拉酵母菌（SB）是一种用于预防和治疗抗生素相关性腹泻以及治疗伪膜性结肠炎的酵母。由于SB最常用于胃肠道菌群已被抗生素治疗破坏的情况，因此在大鼠中研究了不同抗生素对粪便中SB动力学和恢复情况的影响。单次口服给药后，在1至6天内测量粪便中的SB浓度。虽然SB仅通过粪便排出，但作为活酵母回收的剂量不到3%。当用对革兰氏阴性需氧菌有活性但对厌氧菌无活性的新霉素治疗大鼠时，与未治疗大鼠相比，SB的回收率没有变化。而且，粪便中SB浓度下降的速率也没有变化。相反，用对厌氧菌有活性的克林霉素和广谱抗生素氨苄西林治疗，使SB的回收率提高到对照组的七倍，并减缓了粪便中SB浓度下降的速率。当多次给药SB时，也发现了这种抗生素对SB处置的影响。观察到氨苄西林治疗的动物中SB的稳态输出增加了八倍。对回收率和动力学数据的分析表明，这些抗生素的主要作用是减少SB的破坏，可能是在盲肠和结肠中。（摘要截短至250字）
