Cemagref, UR MALY, 3 bis quai Chauveau - CP220, F-69336 Lyon Cedex 09, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Sep 1;408(19):4257-69. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.05.023. Epub 2010 Jun 17.
This study aims at evaluating occurrence and treatment efficiency of five estrogenic hormones and ten beta blockers in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The use of consistent sampling procedures, analytical techniques and data processing enabled to achieve an accurate comparison of the performances of the different treatment processes. First, the occurrence of molecules was evaluated in fourteen rural and urban WWTP located in France. Free and total estrogens were analyzed showing that more than 84% of estrogens in the dissolved phase of influent samples are in the free form. In effluent samples, comparable mean values but higher variation are underlined (RSD from 13 to 54% depending on the estrogen, compared to 11-21% for influents). Most of the target molecules are quantified in 30 influent and 31 effluent samples. Similar occurrence frequencies are obtained for influents from rural (6 WWTP) and urban areas (8 WWTP), except for betaxolol which is only quantified in urban wastewaters. Removal efficiencies of 8 biological treatments were studied: suspended growth biomass (activated sludge) and attached growth systems (biofilter, rotating biological contactor, reed-bed filter, trickling filter). Biological treatments are efficient to remove estrogens from the dissolved phase, with removal rate around 90%. For beta blockers, acebutolol and nadolol are efficiently removed (mean removal rate of 80%), whereas sotalol and propranolol are hardly impacted by biological treatments (removal rate below 20%). Finally, 9 tertiary treatment processes were evaluated. Ozonation, reverse osmosis and activated carbon filtration prove a high removal efficiency for beta blockers (above 80%). On the contrary, high speed chemical settler, sand filtration, silex filtration, microfiltration and UV present generally removal rates below 30% for all beta blockers. The polishing pond studied presents variable removal performances depending on the molecules (up to 75% for propranolol). The role of the hydraulic retention time on the removal efficiencies is confirmed.
本研究旨在评估五种雌激素和十种β受体阻滞剂在污水处理厂（WWTP）中的出现和处理效率。采用一致的采样程序、分析技术和数据处理，实现了不同处理工艺性能的准确比较。首先，在法国的 14 个农村和城市 WWTP 中评估了分子的出现情况。分析了游离和总雌激素，结果表明，溶解相中 84%以上的雌激素以游离形式存在。在出水样品中，虽然平均值相当，但变化更大（取决于雌激素，与进水相比，RSD 为 13%至 54%，而进水为 11%至 21%）。在 30 个进水和 31 个出水样品中定量了大部分目标分子。从农村（6 个 WWTP）和城市地区（8 个 WWTP）获得的进水具有相似的出现频率，除了贝他洛尔仅在城市废水中被定量。研究了 8 种生物处理的去除效率：悬浮生长生物量（活性污泥）和附着生长系统（生物滤池、旋转生物接触器、芦苇床过滤器、滴滤池）。生物处理能有效地从溶解相中去除雌激素，去除率约为 90%。对于β受体阻滞剂，醋丁洛尔和纳多洛尔的去除效率很高（平均去除率为 80%），而索他洛尔和普萘洛尔几乎不受生物处理的影响（去除率低于 20%）。最后，评估了 9 种三级处理工艺。臭氧氧化、反渗透和活性炭过滤对β受体阻滞剂的去除效率很高（高于 80%）。相反，高速化学沉淀池、砂滤、硅石滤、微滤和 UV 对所有β受体阻滞剂的去除率通常低于 30%。研究中的抛光池表现出不同的去除性能，取决于分子（普萘洛尔可达 75%）。水力停留时间对去除效率的作用得到了证实。
