Human Performance Laboratory, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Aug;24(8):1975-82. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e4f9ec.
The purpose of this study was to examine physical and performance differences between grade levels and playing positions within High-School football players. Two thousand three hundred and twenty-seven athletes were tested for height, weight, 40-yd sprint time, proagility time, and vertical jump height. Mean scores across age groups and playing positions were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 1-way ANOVAs. The results indicate that defensive players in the 11th and 12th grades were significantly faster in the 40-yd sprint, quicker in the proagility, and generated more power than 9th and 10th grade defensive players across all positions (p < 0.05). Similarly, offensive players in the 11th and 12th grades were significantly faster, quicker, and jumped higher than did football players in lower grades (p < 0.05). Overall, these data suggest that there are distinct differences in the physical and performance characteristics of high-school football players. The greatest difference is observed between the sophomore and junior years. Older, more mature athletes are faster, quicker, and capable of generating more power than younger athletes. Practically, these data lend support to the common 3-tiered approach (i.e., Freshman, Junior Varsity, and Varsity) most high schools use for their football programs. This approach is likely indicated to allow for physical maturation of young players and to allow time for the development of strength, power, speed, and agility necessary to compete with older players.
本研究旨在考察高中足球运动员的年级和场上位置差异的身体和表现差异。对 2327 名运动员进行了身高、体重、40 码冲刺时间、敏捷度时间和垂直跳跃高度的测试。使用重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）和单因素方差分析（1-way ANOVA）比较了不同年龄组和场上位置的平均得分。结果表明，11 年级和 12 年级的防守球员在 40 码冲刺中速度更快，敏捷度更高，在所有位置上比 9 年级和 10 年级的防守球员产生的力量更大（p < 0.05）。同样，11 年级和 12 年级的进攻球员比低年级的足球运动员速度更快、敏捷度更高、跳跃更高（p < 0.05）。总的来说，这些数据表明高中足球运动员在身体和表现特征上存在明显差异。最大的差异发生在 10 年级和 12 年级之间。年龄较大、更成熟的运动员比年轻运动员速度更快、敏捷度更高、产生的力量更大。实际上，这些数据支持了大多数高中使用的常见的三层制方法（即新生、初级校队和校队）。这种方法可能是为了让年轻球员的身体成熟，并为发展与年龄较大的球员竞争所需的力量、力量、速度和敏捷性留出时间。
