Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2010 Jul;29(4):426-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00140.x.
This contribution aims to examine systematically the evidence on the impact of the quality of unrecorded alcohol products on health consequences.
Systematic computer assisted review of the literature.
There are a number of pathways related to alcohol quality that may lead to acute or chronic health problems. The following constituents and contaminants of alcoholic beverages were identified as likely contributors to these problems: (i) toxic metals (e.g. lead) from contaminated water sources or unsuitable distillation equipment; (ii) volatile constituents, such as acetaldehyde or higher alcohols, which may be produced in significant amounts due to faults in production technology or microbiological spoilage; (iii) ethyl carbamate (urethane), a carcinogenic contaminant with major occurrence in certain fruit and sugarcane spirits; (iv) biologically active flavour compounds (e.g. coumarin in cosmetics used as non-beverage alcohol); (v) toxic compounds used to denature alcohol (e.g. methanol or diethyl phthalate). In addition, the often higher ethanol content may have detrimental health effects. These pathways should not be assumed as present for all subcategories of unrecorded alcohol, but are more relevant to certain types and geographic regions.
A health impact of unrecorded alcohol over and above the effect of ethanol cannot be excluded. More research is urgently needed, especially with respect to liver disease and alcohol poisoning as endpoints.
A feasible approach for new research on the effects of unrecorded alcohol could be based on a representative sample from low socioeconomic regions with high prevalence of unrecorded consumption.
本研究旨在系统评估非记录酒类产品质量对健康后果的影响。
采用计算机辅助系统对文献进行综述。
有许多与酒精质量相关的途径可能导致急性或慢性健康问题。以下是可能导致这些问题的酒精饮料中的成分和污染物：（i）受污染水源或不合适的蒸馏设备中的有毒金属（如铅）；（ii）由于生产技术故障或微生物变质而大量产生的挥发性成分，如乙醛或高级醇；（iii）氨基甲酸乙酯（尿烷），一种在某些水果和甘蔗酒中主要存在的致癌污染物；（iv）生物活性香料化合物（如化妆品中的香豆素，用于非酒精饮料）；（v）用于变性酒精的有毒化合物（如甲醇或邻苯二甲酸二乙酯）。此外，通常较高的乙醇含量可能对健康有不利影响。这些途径不应被认为适用于所有非记录酒类的亚类，但与某些类型和地理区域更为相关。
不能排除非记录酒类除了乙醇的影响之外对健康的影响。迫切需要开展更多的研究，特别是以肝病和酒精中毒为终点的研究。
针对非记录酒类影响的新研究，可以基于在非记录酒类消费普遍较高的低社会经济地区进行有代表性的抽样调查。
