Higuchi Susumu, Matsushita Sachio, Maesato Hitoshi, Osaki Yoneatsu
National Hospital Organization Kurihama Alcoholism Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
Addiction. 2007 Dec;102(12):1849-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01902.x. Epub 2007 Aug 4.
The purpose of this paper is to outline alcohol availability, alcohol consumption and related harm, alcohol control policy and prevention programmes in Japan, few of which have been discussed in either the Japanese or English literature.
Data were collected primarily from the following two sources: statistics and survey results issued by the national government, including surveys funded by the government; and papers published since 2000, identified by searching the MEDLINE and Igaku-Chuo-Zasshi databases. These data were assessed regarding their quality and summarized. Some data presented here were produced specifically for this review.
Although per capita alcohol consumption has tended to decline for more than 10 years, it has remained at a high level. Diversification of the drinking population has progressed rapidly, specifically in women, among whom alcohol consumption has increased sharply. Cross-sectional data suggest that alcohol consumption is associated with serious health and social consequences. Existing longitudinal data suggest that alcohol-related problems, especially health problems, have increased steadily over the past several decades, with few exceptions, including alcohol-related fatal road traffic accidents. Alcohol policy and prevention programmes have not developed to a level that can control these problems adequately. Specifically, the high availability of alcoholic beverages, including the lack of restrictions on sales and advertising and decreasing prices, are noted.
This review provides basic information regarding alcohol availability and alcohol consumption and related harm that may facilitate the improvement of existing alcohol control measures in Japan and encourage the development of new alcohol control measures. This research revealed the scarcity of longitudinal data regarding alcohol consumption and its consequences, and the lack of several important variables, such as disability adjusted life years, for improving our understanding of the comprehensive status of alcohol in Japan.
本文旨在概述日本的酒精饮料可得性、酒精消费及相关危害、酒精控制政策和预防项目，而日本和英文文献中对这些内容的讨论都很少。
数据主要来自以下两个来源：国家政府发布的统计数据和调查结果，包括政府资助的调查；以及通过检索MEDLINE和《医学中央杂志》数据库确定的2000年以来发表的论文。对这些数据的质量进行了评估并进行了总结。这里呈现的一些数据是专门为本次综述制作的。
尽管人均酒精消费量在10多年来呈下降趋势，但仍处于较高水平。饮酒人群的多样化迅速发展，尤其是女性，其酒精消费量急剧增加。横断面数据表明，酒精消费与严重的健康和社会后果相关。现有的纵向数据表明，在过去几十年中，除了与酒精相关的致命道路交通事故等少数例外情况外，与酒精相关的问题，尤其是健康问题，一直在稳步增加。酒精政策和预防项目尚未发展到能够充分控制这些问题的水平。具体而言，注意到酒精饮料的可得性很高，包括对销售和广告缺乏限制以及价格下降。
本综述提供了有关酒精饮料可得性、酒精消费及相关危害的基本信息，这可能有助于改进日本现有的酒精控制措施，并鼓励制定新的酒精控制措施。本研究揭示了关于酒精消费及其后果的纵向数据稀缺，以及缺乏一些重要变量，如伤残调整生命年，以增进我们对日本酒精综合状况的了解。
