Pace C S, Zavattini G C
Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Child Care Health Dev. 2011 Jan;37(1):82-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01135.x.
This study examined the attachment patterns of late-adopted children (aged 4-7) and their adoptive mothers during the first 7- to 8-month period after adoption and aimed to evaluate the effect of adoptive mothers' attachment security on the revision of the attachment patterns of their late-adopted children.
We assessed attachment patterns in 20 adoptive dyads and 12 genetically related dyads at two different times: T1 (time 1) within 2 months of adoption and T2 (time 2) 6 months after T1.
The children's behavioural attachment patterns were assessed using the Separation-Reunion Procedure and the children's representational (verbal) attachment patterns using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task. The attachment models of the adoptive mothers were classified using the Adult Attachment Interview.
We found that there was a significant enhancement of the late-adopted children's attachment security across the time period considered (P= 0.008). Moreover, all the late-adopted children who showed a change from insecurity to security had adoptive mothers with secure attachment models (P= 0.044). However, the matching between maternal attachment models and late-adopted children's attachment patterns (behaviours and representations) was not significant.
Our data suggest that revision of the attachment patterns in the late-adopted children is possible but gradual, and that the adoptive mothers' attachment security makes it more likely to occur.
本研究考察了大龄收养儿童（4至7岁）及其养母在收养后头7至8个月期间的依恋模式，旨在评估养母的依恋安全性对大龄收养儿童依恋模式改变的影响。
我们在两个不同时间点对20对收养亲子和12对有血缘关系的亲子的依恋模式进行了评估：T1（时间1）为收养后2个月内，T2（时间2）为T1后6个月。
使用分离-团聚程序评估儿童的行为依恋模式，使用曼彻斯特儿童依恋故事任务评估儿童的表征（言语）依恋模式。通过成人依恋访谈对养母的依恋模型进行分类。
我们发现，在所考察的时间段内，大龄收养儿童的依恋安全性有显著提高（P = 0.008）。此外，所有从不安全转变为安全的大龄收养儿童，其养母均具有安全依恋模型（P = 0.044）。然而，母亲依恋模型与大龄收养儿童依恋模式（行为和表征）之间的匹配并不显著。
我们的数据表明，大龄收养儿童的依恋模式有可能改变，但过程是渐进的，且养母的依恋安全性使其更有可能发生。
