Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2010 Sep;12(9):919-26. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntq116. Epub 2010 Jul 16.
Cloninger's neuropsychopharmacological theory identifies four temperament traits and three character traits that are largely heritable and are associated with addictions.
We tested whether these personality traits were associated with smoking behavior and predicted smoking cessation and tobacco withdrawal symptoms. We conducted an Internet cohort study in 2005-2009. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI, 226 items, French version) was assessed in 2,993 people (1,593 current, 969 former, and 419 never-smokers). Subsets of participants indicated their smoking status after 30 days (n = 1,452, 48.5%) and answered the TCI again and reported tobacco withdrawal symptoms after 61 days (n = 644, 21.5%).
Compared with never- and former smokers, daily smokers had higher scores of Harm Avoidance (HA) and lower scores of Persistence and Self-Directedness (SD). Daily smokers had higher scores of Novelty Seeking than never-smokers. In daily smokers, the level of tobacco dependence was associated with higher scores of HA and lower scores of SD. In the 60 daily smokers who had stopped smoking after 61 days, after adjustment for tobacco dependence level and baseline tobacco withdrawal ratings, SD predicted lower scores of depressed mood and anxiety at 61-day follow-up and HA predicted higher scores of depressed mood at 61-day follow-up. Personality ratings did not predict smoking cessation at follow-up in daily smokers or relapse in former smokers.
A consistent association was found between smoking and high HA and low SD. Knowledge about these associations may be useful to clinicians to tailor counseling.
克隆纳格的神经精神药理学理论确定了四个气质特征和三个性格特征，这些特征在很大程度上是可遗传的，与成瘾有关。
我们测试了这些人格特质是否与吸烟行为有关，并预测了戒烟和烟草戒断症状。我们在 2005 年至 2009 年期间进行了一项互联网队列研究。采用法语版 226 项的气质与性格量表（TCI）对 2993 人（1593 名当前吸烟者、969 名以前吸烟者和 419 名从不吸烟者）进行了评估。部分参与者在 30 天后报告了他们的吸烟状况（n=1452，48.5%），并再次回答了 TCI 问卷，在 61 天后报告了烟草戒断症状（n=644，21.5%）。
与从不吸烟者和以前吸烟者相比，每日吸烟者的回避危险分数（HA）较高，而坚持性和自我导向性（SD）分数较低。每日吸烟者的寻求新奇分数高于从不吸烟者。在每日吸烟者中，烟草依赖程度与较高的 HA 分数和较低的 SD 分数相关。在 61 天后停止吸烟的 60 名每日吸烟者中，在校正了烟草依赖水平和基线烟草戒断评分后，SD 预测了 61 天随访时抑郁和焦虑评分较低，而 HA 预测了 61 天随访时抑郁评分较高。在每日吸烟者中，人格评分不能预测随访时的戒烟情况，也不能预测以前吸烟者的复吸情况。
吸烟与高 HA 和低 SD 之间存在一致的关联。了解这些关联可能对临床医生有帮助，有助于量身定制咨询。
