National Center of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Oct;48(10):2855-64. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.018. Epub 2010 Jul 17.
The present study was conducted in Kohistan region, where mafic and ultramafic rocks (Kohistan island arc and Indus suture zone) and metasedimentary rocks (Indian plate) are exposed. Water samples were collected from the springs, streams and Indus river and analyzed for physical parameters, anions, cations and arsenic (As(3+), As(5+) and arsenic total). The water quality in Kohistan region was evaluated by comparing the physio-chemical parameters with permissible limits set by Pakistan environmental protection agency and world health organization. Most of the studied parameters were found within their respective permissible limits. However in some samples, the iron and arsenic concentrations exceeded their permissible limits. For health risk assessment of arsenic, the average daily dose, hazards quotient (HQ) and cancer risk were calculated by using statistical formulas. The values of HQ were found >1 in the samples collected from Jabba, Dubair, while HQ values were <1 in rest of the samples. This level of contamination should have low chronic risk and medium cancer risk when compared with US EPA guidelines. Furthermore, the inter-dependence of physio-chemical parameters and pollution load was also calculated by using multivariate statistical techniques like one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, regression analysis, cluster analysis and principle component analysis.
本研究在科希斯坦地区进行，该地区出露镁铁质和超镁铁质岩石（科希斯坦岛弧和印度河缝合带）和变质沉积岩（印度板块）。从泉水、溪流和印度河中采集水样，并分析物理参数、阴离子、阳离子和砷（As(3+)、As(5+)和总砷）。通过将理化参数与巴基斯坦环境保护局和世界卫生组织设定的允许限值进行比较，对科希斯坦地区的水质进行了评估。大多数研究参数均在其各自的允许限值范围内。然而，在一些样本中，铁和砷浓度超过了允许限值。为了评估砷的健康风险，使用统计公式计算了平均日剂量、危害商数（HQ）和癌症风险。在从 Jabba 和 Dubair 采集的样本中，HQ 值发现>1，而在其余样本中 HQ 值<1。与美国环保署指南相比，这种污染水平应具有低慢性风险和中等癌症风险。此外，还使用多元统计技术，如单向方差分析、相关分析、回归分析、聚类分析和主成分分析，计算了理化参数和污染负荷的相互依赖性。
