Departments of Neuromuscular Diseases and Anatomy, CHU Jean-Minjoz, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
Neurology. 2010 Jul 20;75(3):279-83. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e8e6fd.
The French neurologists and psychiatrists who were mobilized during the Great War were confronted with numerous soldiers with war neuroses, often with novel clinical manifestations such as camptocormia. They addressed hysteria and pithiatism according to concepts that had been formed before the war, and many doctors considered these soldiers to be malingerers. As a result, the use of aggressive therapies to enable their prompt return to the battlefront was advocated. In 1915-1916, Clovis Vincent (1879-1947) developed a method called torpillage, a "persuasive" form of psychotherapy using faradic and galvanic electric currents, to treat soldiers with "intractable" neuroses. However, since the treatment was painful, soldiers began to refuse it and, following a publicized trial, the method was discontinued. Given the influx of soldiers with seemingly incurable neuroses, Gustave Roussy (1874-1948) made an attempt in 1917 to develop a new method of psychoelectric treatment. In January 1918, he too came up against soldiers refusing electric treatment. Following a new trial and an unfavorable press campaign, the psycho-faradic method gradually died out. These extreme medical practices developed to treat psychological trauma during the First World War subsequently led to the delineation of posttraumatic stress disorder in more recent wars.
在第一次世界大战期间，法国神经学家和精神病学家面对了许多患有战争神经症的士兵，他们经常出现一些新颖的临床表现，如屈肌痉挛。他们根据战前形成的概念来诊断歇斯底里症和忧郁症，许多医生认为这些士兵是装病者。因此，主张采用激进的治疗方法使他们尽快返回前线。1915 年至 1916 年，克洛维斯·文森特（Clovis Vincent，1879-1947 年）开发了一种名为 torpillage 的方法，这是一种使用感应电流和电流的“有说服力”的心理治疗形式，用于治疗“顽固”神经症的士兵。然而，由于治疗过程非常痛苦，士兵们开始拒绝这种治疗，随后在一次公开审判后，该方法被停止使用。由于涌入了大量看似无法治愈的神经症士兵，古斯塔夫·鲁西（Gustave Roussy，1874-1948 年）于 1917 年试图开发一种新的心理电疗方法。1918 年 1 月，他也遇到了拒绝电疗的士兵。在新的试验和负面的媒体宣传之后，心理感应电疗方法逐渐消失。这些在第一次世界大战期间为治疗心理创伤而开发的极端医疗实践，随后在最近的战争中导致了创伤后应激障碍的划定。
