Nola Iskra Alexandra, Doko Jelinić Jagoda, Bergovec Mijo, Ruzić Alen, Persić Viktor
Katedra za zdravstvenu ekologiju i medicinu rada, Skola narodnog zdravlja Andrija Stampar, Medicinski fakultet Sveucilista u Zagrebu, Hrvatska.
Acta Med Croatica. 2010 May;64(2):89-95.
Cardiovascular diseases are a major public health problem worldwide. They are the main cause of death in industrialized countries, while the mortality associated with cardiovascular disease is increasing in less developed countries. The modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease are cigarette smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and obesity. Obesity has been recorded in 10%-25% of the population, indicating that poor or inappropriate diet is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular disease. Unhealthy dietary habits including place and way of taking meals, number of daily meals and excessive salt intake from processed foods also contribute to body mass gain. In the present study, dietary habits were assessed in cardiovascular patients versus control group by use of Dietary Habits Questionnaire. Study results showed a statistically significantly higher (P < 0.05) prevalence of inappropriate eating habits in cardiovascular patients (lower number of daily meals, more often skipping breakfast and having dinner) than in control group. In conclusion, many lifestyle and individual behavior modifications are needed in most patients with or at a high risk of cardiovascular disease.
心血管疾病是全球主要的公共卫生问题。它们是工业化国家的主要死因，而在欠发达国家，与心血管疾病相关的死亡率正在上升。心血管疾病的可改变风险因素包括吸烟、高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病和肥胖。据记录，肥胖在10%-25%的人口中存在，这表明不良或不恰当的饮食是心血管疾病最常见的原因之一。不健康的饮食习惯，包括用餐地点和方式、每日用餐次数以及加工食品中过量的盐摄入，也会导致体重增加。在本研究中，通过使用饮食习惯问卷对心血管疾病患者与对照组的饮食习惯进行了评估。研究结果显示，心血管疾病患者（每日用餐次数较少、更常不吃早餐和晚餐）的不当饮食习惯患病率在统计学上显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。总之，大多数患有心血管疾病或有心血管疾病高风险的患者需要对许多生活方式和个人行为进行调整。
