King Dana E, Mainous Arch G, Carnemolla Mark, Everett Charles J
Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Am J Med. 2009 Jun;122(6):528-34. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.11.013.
Lifestyle choices are associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality. The purpose of this study was to compare adherence to healthy lifestyle habits in adults between 1988 and 2006.
Analysis of adherence to 5 healthy lifestyle trends (>or=5 fruits and vegetables/day, regular exercise >12 times/month, maintaining healthy weight [body mass index 18.5-29.9 kg/m(2)], moderate alcohol consumption [up to 1 drink/day for women, 2/day for men] and not smoking) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994 were compared with results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2006 among adults aged 40-74 years.
Over the last 18 years, the percent of adults aged 40-74 years with a body mass index >or=30 kg/m(2) has increased from 28% to 36% (P <.05); physical activity 12 times a month or more has decreased from 53% to 43% (P <.05); smoking rates have not changed (26.9% to 26.1%); eating 5 or more fruits and vegetables a day has decreased from 42% to 26% (P <.05), and moderate alcohol use has increased from 40% to 51% (P <.05). Adherence to all 5 healthy habits has gone from 15% to 8% (P <.05). Although adherence to a healthy lifestyle was lower among minorities, adherence decreased more among non-Hispanic Whites over the period. Individuals with a history of hypertension/diabetes/cardiovascular disease were no more likely to be adherent to a healthy lifestyle than people without these conditions.
Generally, adherence to a healthy lifestyle pattern has decreased during the last 18 years, with decreases documented in 3 of 5 healthy lifestyle habits. These findings have broad implications for the future risk of cardiovascular disease in adults.
生活方式的选择与心血管疾病及死亡率相关。本研究的目的是比较1988年至2006年成年人对健康生活习惯的坚持情况。
将1988 - 1994年国家健康和营养检查调查中40 - 74岁成年人对5种健康生活方式趋势（每天摄入≥5份水果和蔬菜、每月规律锻炼>12次、保持健康体重[体重指数18.5 - 29.9 kg/m²]、适度饮酒[女性每天最多1份，男性每天2份]且不吸烟）的坚持情况分析结果，与2001 - 2006年国家健康和营养检查调查的结果进行比较。
在过去18年中，体重指数≥30 kg/m²的40 - 74岁成年人比例从28%增至36%（P <.05）；每月锻炼12次及以上的比例从53%降至43%（P <.05）；吸烟率未变（26.9%至26.1%）；每天食用5份及以上水果和蔬菜的比例从42%降至26%（P <.05），适度饮酒的比例从40%增至51%（P <.05）。坚持所有5种健康习惯的比例从15%降至8%（P <.05）。尽管少数族裔对健康生活方式的坚持程度较低，但在此期间非西班牙裔白人的坚持程度下降得更多。有高血压/糖尿病/心血管疾病史的个体并不比没有这些疾病的人更有可能坚持健康的生活方式。
总体而言，在过去18年中，对健康生活方式模式的坚持程度有所下降，5种健康生活习惯中有3种出现下降。这些发现对成年人未来患心血管疾病的风险具有广泛影响。
