School of Psychological Sciences, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2010 Nov;30(7):819-29. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.06.003. Epub 2010 Jun 17.
This review argues for the development of a Positive Clinical Psychology, which has an integrated and equally weighted focus on both positive and negative functioning in all areas of research and practice. Positive characteristics (such as gratitude, flexibility, and positive emotions) can uniquely predict disorder beyond the predictive power of the presence of negative characteristics, and buffer the impact of negative life events, potentially preventing the development of disorder. Increased study of these characteristics can rapidly expand the knowledge base of clinical psychology and utilize the promising new interventions to treat disorder through promoting the positive. Further, positive and negative characteristics cannot logically be studied or changed in isolation as (a) they interact to predict clinical outcomes, (b) characteristics are neither "positive" or "negative", with outcomes depending on specific situation and concomitant goals and motivations, and (c) positive and negative well-being often exist on the same continuum. Responding to criticisms of the Positive Psychology movement, we do not suggest the study of positive functioning as a separate field of clinical psychology, but rather that clinical psychology itself changes to become a more integrative discipline. An agenda for research and practice is proposed including reconceptualizing well-being, forming stronger collaborations with allied disciplines, rigorously evaluating the new positive interventions, and considering a role for clinical psychologists in promoting well-being as well as treating distress.
这篇综述主张发展积极临床心理学，该学科在研究和实践的所有领域都对积极和消极功能进行综合且同等重视。积极特征（如感激、灵活性和积极情绪）可以独特地预测障碍，超越消极特征存在的预测能力，并缓冲消极生活事件的影响，从而有可能预防障碍的发展。更多地研究这些特征可以迅速扩大临床心理学的知识库，并利用有前途的新干预措施通过促进积极因素来治疗障碍。此外，积极和消极特征不能被孤立地进行研究或改变，因为(a)它们相互作用以预测临床结果；(b)特征既不是“积极的”也不是“消极的”，结果取决于具体情况以及伴随的目标和动机；(c)积极和消极的幸福感通常存在于同一连续体上。针对积极心理学运动的批评，我们并不是建议将积极功能的研究作为临床心理学的一个单独领域，而是建议临床心理学本身发生变化，成为一个更具综合性的学科。提出了研究和实践的议程，包括重新概念化幸福感，与相关学科形成更紧密的合作，严格评估新的积极干预措施，并考虑让临床心理学家在促进幸福感以及治疗痛苦方面发挥作用。
