Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 3217 Victoria, Australia.
Prog Lipid Res. 2011 Jan;50(1):28-34. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.07.004. Epub 2010 Jul 23.
This article summarizes the current knowledge available on metabolism and the biological effects of n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). n-3 DPA has not been extensively studied because of the limited availability of the pure compound. n-3 DPA is an elongated metabolite of EPA and is an intermediary product between EPA and DHA. The literature on n-3 DPA is limited, however the available data suggests it has beneficial health effects. In vitro n-3 DPA is retro-converted back to EPA, however it does not appear to be readily metabolised to DHA. In vivo studies have shown limited conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA, mainly in liver, but in addition retro-conversion to EPA is evident in a number of tissues. n-3 DPA can be metabolised by lipoxygenase, in platelets, to form ll-hydroxy-7,9,13,16,19- and 14-hydroxy-7,10,12,16,19-DPA. It has also been reported that n-3 DPA is effective (more so than EPA and DHA) in inhibition of aggregation in platelets obtained from rabbit blood. In addition, there is evidence that n-3 DPA possesses 10-fold greater endothelial cell migration ability than EPA, which is important in wound-healing processes. An in vivo study has reported that n-3 DPA reduces the fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme activity levels in n-3 DPA-supplemented mice and these effects were stronger than the EPA-supplemented mice. Another recent in vivo study has reported that n-3 DPA may have a role in attenuating age-related decrease in spatial learning and long-term potentiation. However, more research remains to be done to further investigate the biological effects of this n-3 VLCPUFA.
本文总结了目前关于二十二碳五烯酸（DPA）代谢和生物学效应的知识。由于纯化合物的供应有限，n-3 DPA 尚未得到广泛研究。n-3 DPA 是 EPA 的延伸代谢物，是 EPA 和 DHA 之间的中间产物。然而，关于 n-3 DPA 的文献有限，但是现有数据表明它具有有益的健康效应。在体外，n-3 DPA 会被回转为 EPA，但似乎不易代谢为 DHA。体内研究表明，n-3 DPA 向 DHA 的转化有限，主要在肝脏中，但在许多组织中也明显存在回转为 EPA 的情况。n-3 DPA 可以被脂氧合酶代谢，在血小板中形成 ll-羟基-7,9,13,16,19-和 14-羟基-7,10,12,16,19-DPA。据报道，n-3 DPA 能有效（比 EPA 和 DHA 更有效）抑制兔血血小板聚集。此外，有证据表明，n-3 DPA 具有比 EPA 高 10 倍的内皮细胞迁移能力，这对于伤口愈合过程很重要。一项体内研究报告称，n-3 DPA 降低了补充 n-3 DPA 的小鼠中脂肪酸合酶和苹果酸酶的活性水平，这些效果比补充 EPA 的小鼠更强。另一项最近的体内研究报告称，n-3 DPA 可能在减轻与年龄相关的空间学习和长时程增强能力下降方面发挥作用。然而，仍需要进一步研究来更深入地研究这种 n-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸的生物学效应。
