Ayala-Aldana Nicolas, Lafuente David, Lázaro Iolanda, Pinar-Martí Ariadna, Manidis Alexios, Bernardo-Castro Sara, Fernandez-Barres Silvia, Healy Darren R, Vrijheid Martine, Contreras-Rodríguez Oren, Sala-Vila Aleix, Julvez Jordi
Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience (NeuroÈpia), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain.
Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Nutrients. 2025 Sep 6;17(17):2888. doi: 10.3390/nu17172888.
The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is characterized by its emphasis on plant-based foods, olive oil, and fish products, and has been associated with providing relevant fatty acids (FAs) for adolescent physiology. This study aims to investigate the relationship between adherence to the MedDiet and the FA composition of red blood cell (RBC) membranes in an adolescent population. The current research examines the relationship between MedDiet adherence, assessed using the KIDMED questionnaire, and the composition of RBC membranes, specifically measuring 22 FAs in a cross-sectional analysis of adolescents from two cohorts (mean age = 14.55). Baseline data from 552 participants with complete dietary adherence and FA information were analyzed using multivariable regression models and principal component analysis (PCA) as confirmatory analysis. All regression models were adjusted by age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, maternal education and cohort enrollment. Main results shown that "Good adherence" to the MedDiet was positively associated with omega-3 FAs, including eicosapentaenoic acid (β = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.52; -value < 0.001) and docosahexaenoic acid (β = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.46; -value = 0.001), and inversely associated with specific omega-6 FAs, such as arachidonic acid (β = -0.28; 95% CI: -0.46, -0.11; -value = 0.002) and adrenic acid (β = -0.19; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.08; -value < 0.001). PCA identified distinct FA patterns, with "Good adherence" to the MedDiet being associated with an increase in the omega-3 FAs pattern (β = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.49; -value < 0.001). These findings remained robust after multiple test comparisons. This study underscores the potential of the MedDiet to promote optimal RBC FA composition in healthy adolescents, characterized by high levels of omega-3 FAs and reduced levels of arachidonic acid and adrenic acid in RBC membranes.
地中海饮食（MedDiet）的特点是强调以植物性食物、橄榄油和鱼类产品为主，并且与为青少年生理提供相关脂肪酸（FAs）有关。本研究旨在调查青少年群体中遵循地中海饮食与红细胞（RBC）膜脂肪酸组成之间的关系。当前研究考察了使用KIDMED问卷评估的地中海饮食依从性与红细胞膜组成之间的关系，具体是在对两个队列（平均年龄 = 14.55岁）的青少年进行横断面分析中测量22种脂肪酸。使用多变量回归模型和主成分分析（PCA）作为验证性分析，对552名具有完整饮食依从性和脂肪酸信息的参与者的基线数据进行了分析。所有回归模型均根据年龄、性别、体重指数、身体活动、母亲教育程度和队列纳入情况进行了调整。主要结果显示，对地中海饮食的“良好依从性”与ω-3脂肪酸呈正相关，包括二十碳五烯酸（β = 0.34；95%置信区间：0.17，0.52；P值<0.001）和二十二碳六烯酸（β = 0.29；95%置信区间：0.11，0.46；P值 = 0.001），与特定的ω-6脂肪酸呈负相关，如花生四烯酸（β = -0.28；95%置信区间：-0.46，-0.11；P值 = 0.002）和肾上腺酸（β = -0.19；95%置信区间：-0.30，-0.08；P值<0.001）。主成分分析确定了不同的脂肪酸模式，对地中海饮食的“良好依从性”与ω-3脂肪酸模式的增加有关（β = 0.32；95%置信区间：0.14，0.49；P值<0.001）。在多次检验比较后，这些发现仍然稳健。本研究强调了地中海饮食在促进健康青少年红细胞最佳脂肪酸组成方面的潜力，其特征是红细胞膜中ω-3脂肪酸水平高，花生四烯酸和肾上腺酸水平降低。
