Department of Psychology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2010 Dec;107(4):479-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2010.05.011. Epub 2010 Jul 24.
This research examined whether the impact of overheard rumors on children's memory for their experiences varies as a function of social processes. The results of two experiments revealed that the very same errant rumor had different consequences for children's recollections depending on the degree and type of social interactions they had with peers after exposure to the rumor. In both experiments, 3- to 5-year-olds overheard a false rumor about a recently experienced event and then were interviewed about the event 1 week later. In Experiment 1, children were more likely to report experiencing rumored-but-nonoccurring information if they were allowed to interact naturally with peers following exposure to the rumor than if they were prevented from peer exchange. In Experiment 2, exposure to the rumor induced greater memory contamination if it was planted among familiar peers than if it was encountered among strangers.
这项研究考察了传闻对儿童经历记忆的影响是否会随社会过程的变化而变化。两项实验的结果表明，同样的错误传闻会根据儿童在接触传闻后与同伴的社交互动程度和类型，对他们的回忆产生不同的后果。在这两项实验中，3 至 5 岁的儿童听到了一个关于最近经历的事件的错误传闻，然后在 1 周后接受了关于该事件的采访。在实验 1 中，如果儿童在接触传闻后被允许与同伴自然互动，而不是被阻止与同伴交流，他们更有可能报告传闻中但未发生的信息。在实验 2 中，如果传闻是在熟悉的同伴中传播，而不是在陌生人中遇到，那么传闻会导致更大的记忆污染。
