Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010 Sep;26(5):466-70. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e32833d1733.
The review will summarize the state of the art in colon cancer screening. Recently published screening guidelines will be reviewed so physicians can understand them and how to deal with the differences. Each screening modality presently in use will then be reviewed with emphasis on efficacy and problems.
During the past two decades research has clearly demonstrated colon cancer screening to be effective. New modalities such as virtual colonoscopy and stool DNA screening have been introduced and are recommended by some organizations but not others. Ages to discontinue screening have also been suggested. Fecal immunochemical testing exhibits some advantages over guaiac-based testing. Problematic issues with the effectiveness of colonoscopy have arisen, particularly in the proximal colon. Both technical and biological reasons have been suggested for this decrease in effectiveness.
Colon cancer screening is effective and continues to improve. Refinements of guidelines as well as refinements in each screening modality have occurred. Several screening tools are newly available and quality studies and efforts for present and new tests are imperative.
本文将总结结肠癌筛查的最新技术。我们将回顾最近发布的筛查指南，以便医生能够理解并处理其中的差异。然后，我们将对目前使用的每种筛查方法进行审查，重点介绍其疗效和问题。
在过去的二十年中，研究清楚地表明结肠癌筛查是有效的。一些组织推荐了一些新的方法，如虚拟结肠镜检查和粪便 DNA 筛查，但其他组织并不推荐。此外，也有人提出了停止筛查的年龄建议。粪便免疫化学检测比基于愈创木脂的检测具有一些优势。结肠镜检查的有效性出现了一些问题，特别是在近端结肠。人们提出了一些技术和生物学原因来解释这种有效性的下降。
结肠癌筛查是有效的，并且在不断改进。指南的修订以及每种筛查方法的改进都已经发生。一些新的筛查工具已经可用，目前和新的检测方法的质量研究和努力是至关重要的。
