Masuda T, Isokawa T
Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya National Hospital.
Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 1991 Feb;65(2):209-15. doi: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.65.209.
This survey of occupationally acquired infections in clinical laboratory workers was made by questionnaires to 306 hospitals in which 698 doctors and 8654 technicians worked. There were 177 probable infections during the previous decade (1979-88). In both doctors and technicians annual incidence rate of infection was 0.2% on an average. These included 77 cases of tuberculosis, 59 cases of HBV hepatitis, 24 cases of non-A, non-B hepatitis, 6 cases of rubella, 5 cases of HAV hepatitis, 2 cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia, one case of campylobacter enteritis, one case of paratyphus, one case of salmonellosis and one case of chicken pox. There were no fatal cases. In the recent two years the occurrence of HBV hepatitis among the clinical laboratory workers apparently has decreased, but tuberculosis and non-A, non-B hepatitis occurred unchangedly. Tuberculosis occurred frequently among the staff of the pathology laboratory (40 cases) and in bacteriology (25 cases), but rarely in biochemistry (3 cases) and in hematology (one case). On the other hand, HBV hepatitis occurred frequently among the staff of the biochemistry laboratory (33 cases) and in hematology (11 cases), but rarely in bacteriology (one case). These differences showed the existence of occupational exposure, but only 20% of these cases were due to recognized accidents. According to these results infection control practices for diminishing laboratory-associated infection must be performed.
通过对306家医院进行问卷调查，对临床实验室工作人员职业性感染情况展开了调查，这些医院共有698名医生和8654名技术人员。在过去十年（1979 - 1988年）间，共出现177例可能的感染病例。医生和技术人员的年平均感染发病率均为0.2%。其中包括77例肺结核、59例乙肝、24例非甲非乙肝炎、6例风疹、5例甲肝、2例支原体肺炎、1例弯曲杆菌肠炎、1例副伤寒、1例沙门氏菌病和1例水痘。无死亡病例。最近两年，临床实验室工作人员中乙肝的发病情况明显减少，但肺结核和非甲非乙肝炎的发病情况没有变化。肺结核在病理实验室工作人员中频繁发生（40例），在细菌学部门也较多（25例），而在生物化学部门（3例）和血液学部门（1例）较少发生。另一方面，乙肝在生物化学实验室工作人员中频繁发生（33例），在血液学部门也较多（11例），在细菌学部门较少发生（1例）。这些差异表明存在职业暴露情况，但其中只有20%的病例是由已知事故导致的。根据这些结果，必须实施感染控制措施以减少实验室相关感染。
