Movement Analysis Lab, Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital Muenster, Germany.
Gait Posture. 2010 Oct;32(4):464-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.07.002. Epub 2010 Aug 3.
Children under 10 years of age are less efficient than adults regarding their dynamic balance control. The development of the somatosensory system is necessary for the control of posture and balance. The foot, as the final link between body and ground, transfers internal forces during gait. The coordination of force transfer needs to be balanced between both feet thus leading to a potential asymmetry of foot loading. The magnitude of asymmetry in infants' gait has been previously studied. However, the individual development and improvement of gait symmetry should also be considered. Therefore, the aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the longitudinal development of foot loading symmetries from the onset of independent walking. Sixty-two healthy infants were followed over the course of 4 years by means of plantar pressure distribution measurements (mean age of 15 months at study start and 63 months at the end). The subjects attended a total of nine measurements scheduled every 6 months. Foot loading data was recorded during walking with the emed(®) pressure platform to evaluate contact area, peak pressure, force-time integral, relative maximum force and contact time. An absolute symmetry index was calculated for all parameters. Furthermore, the infants' data were compared to the data of 26 healthy adults. The adults were measured once and the data acquisition followed exactly the same procedures as the infants' data. In conclusion, foot loading is asymmetric with the onset of independent walking and shows improved symmetry with increasing age dependent on the foot loading parameters.
10 岁以下儿童的动态平衡控制能力不如成年人。本体感觉系统的发育对于姿势和平衡的控制是必要的。足部作为身体与地面的最后连接点，在步态中传递内力。力传递的协调需要在双脚之间保持平衡，从而导致足部负荷的潜在不对称。之前已经研究过婴儿步态中不对称的幅度。然而，还应考虑步态对称性的个体发展和改善。因此，本研究的目的是回顾性评估从独立行走开始时足部负荷对称性的纵向发展。62 名健康婴儿通过足底压力分布测量（研究开始时的平均年龄为 15 个月，结束时为 63 个月）在 4 年内进行随访。受试者共进行了 9 次每 6 个月一次的测量。使用emed(®)压力平台在行走过程中记录足部负荷数据，以评估接触面积、峰值压力、力-时间积分、相对最大力和接触时间。所有参数均计算绝对对称指数。此外，还将婴儿的数据与 26 名健康成年人的数据进行了比较。成年人只测量了一次，数据采集与婴儿数据完全相同。总之，独立行走时足部负荷是不对称的，随着年龄的增长，足部负荷参数的对称性也有所提高。
